Summary of J.P. Morgan's North America Commodities Research Call Industry Overview - **Industry**: Oil and Commodities - **Date**: February 20, 2025 Key Points Oil Demand and Supply Dynamics - Global oil demand increased by **1.4 million barrels per day (mbd)** in February, averaging **103.4 mbd** through February 19, 2025, which is **400 kbd** short of the projected **1.8 mbd** rise for the month [5][6][12] - OPEC is considering delaying monthly supply increases scheduled for April, indicating a cautious approach due to anticipated growth in non-OPEC+ supply [5][6][12] - The Ukrainian drone attack on the Kropotkinskaya pumping station is expected to reduce crude oil flow from Kazakhstan by **30%**, leading to a **360 kbd** drop in Kazakh oil exports [5][6][12] Inventory and Stock Analysis - CPC crude stocks have remained steady at **2.5 million barrels (mb)** since February 11, 2025, despite the disruption [6][12] - OECD commercial oil stocks recorded a net draw of **4.5 mb** in the second week of February [6][12] - The rerouting of Kazakh crude oil to Baltic Sea ports is expected to draw down Europe’s commercial crude storage by **10.5 mb** over a **60-day period** [5][6][12] Regional Insights - In the U.S., diesel cracks have retreated from recent highs due to lower product exports to Latin America, while gasoline consumption is expected to rise from **8.3 mbd** to above **9 mbd** during the peak travel season [5][6][12] - Four economies reported oil consumption statistics, with notable declines in Portugal and France, while India showed a significant increase of **170 kbd** year-over-year in January [5][6][12] Price Movements - Oil prices are on track to end the week higher, with global crude prices rising by **$1.60-1.80 per barrel** since last Friday's close, driven by supply uncertainty and frigid weather in the U.S. [5][6][12] - Brent crude has advanced to nearly **$77 per barrel**, aligning with the fair value estimate for February [5][6][12] Future Projections - The ongoing cold weather in the U.S. and increased industrial activity in China are expected to help close the gap in oil demand projections for February [5][6][12] - Gasoline cracks are projected to average **$22 per barrel** in Q2 2025, up **$2 per barrel** from current levels [5][6][12] Additional Insights - The Atyrau-Samara pipeline has a spare capacity of **157 kbd**, while the Kazakh-China pipeline has a total capacity of **400 kbd**, indicating potential for rerouting crude oil flows [5][6][12] - Despite the BTC pipeline having considerable spare capacity, tanker bottlenecks in the Caspian Sea may restrict substantial transfers [5][6][12] This summary encapsulates the critical insights from the J.P. Morgan North America Commodities Research call, focusing on oil demand, supply dynamics, inventory levels, and price movements.

Summary of J.P. Morgan's Global Commodities Research Call Industry Overview - **Industry**: Oil Markets - **Date**: February 20, 2025 Key Points and Arguments U.S.-Iran Relations and Oil Production - The U.S. and Iran have a long history of escalating tensions, particularly since the Islamic Revolution, impacting oil prices and the U.S. economy [2][3] - The Biden administration initially relaxed sanctions on Iran due to high energy prices but faced criticism from Trump, who advocated for a return to strict sanctions [9][12] - Iranian crude oil exports increased from 400 thousand barrels per day (kbd) in 2020 to over 1.6 million barrels per day (mbd) in 2024 [9] - Forecasts suggest Iranian crude production will remain flat at 3.1 mbd in 2025, unchanged from 2024 levels [8] JCPOA and Future Negotiations - The Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) is set to expire in October 2025, raising questions about future agreements [8][11] - Both the U.S. and Iran have signaled a willingness to negotiate, with potential for a new nuclear agreement [11][15] - Trump's administration may disrupt up to 1 mbd of Iranian oil flows through sanctions targeting Chinese terminals and state-owned enterprises [9] Economic Conditions in Iran - Iran is facing severe economic challenges, including high inflation rates between 30-55% annually and significant currency depreciation [12] - The Iranian government, under President Masoud Pezeshkian, is seeking to stabilize the economy and re-engage with the West for sanctions relief [15] Geopolitical Shifts in the Gulf - Saudi Arabia and the UAE have shifted their approach to Iran, engaging diplomatically amid doubts about U.S. security commitments [26][28] - The rapprochement between Saudi Arabia and Iran, brokered by China, is significant for regional stability and economic transformation [28][29] Inflation and Economic Impact - U.S. inflation has rebounded, complicating the economic landscape for the Trump administration, which may affect oil prices and sanctions strategy [30][32] - The cost of living crisis could exacerbate inflation through higher oil prices, impacting Trump's priorities [32] Oil Supply and Demand Forecasts - Global oil demand is projected to increase, with total oil demand expected to reach 104.0 mbd in 2025 [41] - Total oil supply is forecasted to be 105.3 mbd in 2025, indicating a potential oversupply situation [41] Price Forecasts - J.P. Morgan forecasts Brent crude prices to average $73 per barrel in 2025, with WTI prices averaging $69 per barrel [47] Additional Important Content - The geopolitical landscape is changing, with the potential for new alliances and shifts in oil supply dynamics as countries in the Gulf pursue economic diversification [27][29] - The impact of sanctions and negotiations on oil exports will be closely monitored, as the situation evolves with the upcoming U.S. elections and international diplomatic efforts [22][24]

Summary of Global Oil: Monthly Agency Data Snapshot (February 17, 2025) Industry Overview - The report focuses on the global oil market, highlighting the mixed updates from various agencies regarding supply and demand forecasts for 2025 and 2026. Key Points Supply Forecasts - The EIA raised non-OPEC+ supply growth for 2025 by 0.13Mb/d to 1.54Mb/d and for 2026 by 0.15Mb/d to 1.02Mb/d, driven by higher US supply [4][48] - The IEA cut its non-OPEC+ supply growth forecast for 2025 by 40kb/d to 1.43Mb/d, while OPEC revised it down by 60kb/d for 2025 and 0.1Mb/d for 2026, both to ~1Mb/d [4][48] - Overall, the EIA's outlook for non-OPEC+ supply in 2025 is the most optimistic at 55.0Mb/d, compared to IEA's 54.5Mb/d and OPEC's 54.2Mb/d [43] Demand Forecasts - Demand growth forecasts for 2025 were mixed: IEA raised its forecast to 1.1Mb/d, EIA to 1.36Mb/d, while OPEC remained unchanged at 1.45Mb/d [3] - UBS raised its demand growth forecast for 2025 by 70kb/d to 1.19Mb/d, citing a lower base effect from 2024 [59] - For 2026, both EIA and OPEC kept their forecasts virtually unchanged at 1.05Mb/d and 1.43Mb/d respectively [3] Market Balance - The UBS model suggests a tightly balanced market for 2025 with a slight surplus of 0.31Mb/d due to higher US supply [59] - The IEA's balance for 2025 is now broadly in line with the EIA's, with a surplus forecast of 0.45Mb/d [23] - The EIA's bearish update for 2026 indicates a larger surplus of 0.98Mb/d, reflecting upward revisions to non-OPEC+ supply [23] Price Scenarios - The report anticipates Brent prices to remain in the mid-$70s, supported by OPEC+ cuts, but warns of potential negative impacts from slower GDP growth and substitution effects [9] - Upside price scenarios could see Brent prices rise towards $80/bbl if Iranian production drops or if OPEC+ compliance improves [11] - Conversely, a downside scenario could see prices drop into the $60s due to a global economic slowdown and increased supply from OPEC+ [12] Geopolitical Factors - The start of the second Trump presidency has heightened uncertainties in the oil market, particularly regarding Iranian and Russian supply [2] - OPEC+ is expected to postpone the unwind of production cuts, currently scheduled to start in April [5] Long-term Outlook - Global oil demand is expected to peak at 106.0Mb/d in 2029 before gradually declining, influenced by rising efficiency and the impact of electric vehicles [61] - The report notes that gasoline demand may decline over time due to increased EV uptake, which could replace 3.6Mb/d of oil for passenger vehicles globally by 2030 [66] Additional Insights - The IEA reported no missing barrels in its February OMR, but noted an overall missing barrels calculation of 0.2Mb/d for 2024, indicating potential underestimation of demand or overestimation of supply [27] - The report emphasizes the importance of monitoring geopolitical developments and their potential impact on oil supply and prices [59]

Summary of J.P. Morgan's Oil Demand & Inventory Tracker (February 13, 2025) Industry Overview - The report focuses on the global oil industry, specifically oil demand and inventory trends. Key Points 1. **Global Oil Demand Growth** - Global oil demand has increased to 103.4 million barrels per day (mbd), reflecting a year-over-year increase of 1.4 mbd. However, this figure is 500 thousand barrels per day (kbd) below monthly projections [4][4][4]. 2. **Heating Fuel Demand** - Colder weather in the U.S. is expected to increase heating fuel use, with February projected to average 824 heating degree days (HDD), exceeding the 10-year average of 778 HDD. This could further narrow the gap between actual and projected demand [4][4][4]. 3. **Gas-to-Oil Switching in Europe** - Rising natural gas prices in Europe may lead to a shift from gas to oil, potentially increasing European oil demand by 100-150 kbd. However, current pricing makes this switch unlikely, as high and low sulfur fuel oils are priced 22-30% higher than gas [4][4][4]. 4. **Impact of Sanctions on Oil Stocks** - Following new sanctions imposed by President Biden, global oil stocks have diverged from projections. Notably, there has been a significant drop in global commercial crude oil stocks as China and India halt acceptance of sanctioned tankers [4][4][4]. 5. **OECD Oil Stocks** - Contrary to global trends, visible OECD commercial oil stocks recorded a net build of 4 million barrels in the first week of February, driven by increases in both crude and oil product stocks [4][4][4]. 6. **Regional Oil Consumption Statistics** - Recent statistics show varied oil consumption across regions, with India reporting a year-over-year increase of 170 kbd in January, while Japan reported a decrease of 243 kbd in December [4][4][4]. 7. **Future Projections** - The report indicates that the gap between actual and projected oil demand is expected to narrow as demand for mobility and heating fuels picks up, particularly in the U.S. and Europe [4][4][4]. Additional Insights - The report emphasizes the logistical challenges that may hinder a significant switch from gas to oil in Europe despite the potential demand increase. - The classification of idle sanctioned vessels as floating storage is a developing situation that could impact future inventory reporting [4][4][4]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights from J.P. Morgan's Oil Demand & Inventory Tracker, highlighting the current state and future outlook of the global oil market.

Summary of the Conference Call on China's Fertiliser Market Industry Overview - The report focuses on the **fertiliser sector** in China, particularly **potash**, **urea**, and **phosphate fertilisers** [2][3][4]. Key Points and Arguments Fertiliser Price Trends - **Potash prices** have risen significantly since Q4 2024, with domestic average selling prices (ASP) exceeding **Rmb 2,700/t** [7]. - **Urea prices** experienced a slight rebound due to agricultural restocking before the Chinese New Year (CNY), but this was short-lived as production increased post-CNY [8]. - **Phosphate fertiliser prices** remain muted due to low purchasing intentions from downstream producers, with stable ASP around **Rmb 1,000/t** [9]. Influencing Factors on Fertiliser Market 1. **Agricultural Product Prices**: Strong international soybean and corn prices are expected to boost domestic fertiliser demand as China approaches the spring ploughing season [3][11]. 2. **Export Policy Changes**: Urea export volumes have sharply declined due to legal inspections, suggesting potential policy relaxation could ease domestic supply pressures [3][12]. 3. **Energy Consumption Policies**: Stricter regulations on energy consumption are expected to constrain urea and phosphate fertiliser supply [3][13]. Production and Capacity Insights - Limited production growth is anticipated for potash, with Asia-Potash expected to increase production by **1mt** in 2025 [4]. - Urea production capacity additions for 2025 are projected at **4.5mt**, but high inventory levels and subdued profits are concerning [4][29]. - No capacity additions for MAP/DAP are expected in 2025-26, although upstream phosphate ore projects are planned [4][48]. Stock Recommendations - **Asia-Potash** and **Hualu-hengsheng** are recommended for investment, with potential upside risks linked to production growth and price recovery [5][80]. Risks and Considerations - The fertiliser sector faces risks from fluctuating international oil prices, uncertain global economic growth, and potential oversupply from new capacity coming online [64][66]. - Specific risks for Asia-Potash include policy risks and commodity price declines, while Hualu-hengsheng faces challenges from reduced demand and regulatory tightening [66][66]. Additional Important Insights - The **fixed-bed production process** accounts for nearly **25%** of China's urea capacity, which is under pressure due to high costs and low efficiency, potentially leading to the exit of these facilities [4][34]. - The **export volume** of urea has drastically decreased from an average of **7mt** (2010-2021) to **250kt** in 2024, indicating significant supply-demand pressure domestically [3][38]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights from the conference call regarding the current state and future outlook of the fertiliser market in China, highlighting key trends, influencing factors, and investment recommendations.

Summary of J.P. Morgan Oil Markets Weekly (February 13, 2025) Industry Overview - The report focuses on the global oil market, particularly the dynamics surrounding Brent crude oil pricing and Russian oil production amidst geopolitical tensions and sanctions. Key Points and Arguments Brent Crude Pricing Outlook - Brent crude is currently trading below the fair value estimate of $77 for February, with an anticipated average price of $73 for 2025, and a projected price trajectory reaching $80 by April-May before declining to the mid-$60s by year-end [1][1] - For 2026, a further decline in Brent prices is expected, with projections suggesting prices below $60 by year-end and an average forecast of $61 [1][1] Demand and Supply Dynamics - A robust demand growth of approximately 1.1 million barrels per day (mbd) is anticipated for 2025, followed by an additional 1.3 mbd in 2026, aligning with historical trends [1][1] - This demand growth is expected to be offset by strong non-OPEC supply growth, particularly from deep-water production [1][1] Geopolitical Factors - The outlook assumes a ceasefire between Russia and Ukraine, influenced by potential peace talks under a Trump administration, which could lead to increased global oil demand in 2026 [1][1] - Recent developments, including a phone call between Trump and Putin, have led to a temporary increase in oil prices, reflecting market expectations of negotiations potentially lifting Western sanctions on Russian energy [1][1] Russian Oil Production Insights - The assumption that a ceasefire will lead to a resumption of large-scale Russian oil flows is considered misplaced; Russia is likely cutting production as part of its OPEC+ commitments rather than in response to sanctions [2][2] - Current spare capacity in Russia is estimated at around 350 kbd, limiting its ability to regain market share compared to Saudi Arabia, which has a spare capacity of 1.5 mbd [5][5] Sanctions and Market Impact - The latest sanctions are expected to have a limited impact on Russian oil shipments, primarily resulting in shifts in trade flows rather than significant production changes [7][7] - Despite sanctions, Russian oil flows have remained resilient, although some deliveries have not been completed [8][8] Refinery Operations and Challenges - Russian refinery runs have faced challenges, averaging 5.3 mbd in January, below pre-war levels, with ongoing drone strikes affecting refinery capacity [22][22] - The Ryazan refinery is expected to restart operations by February 17, while other facilities face longer shutdowns [23][23] Future Production Constraints - Medium-term production constraints for Russia are attributed to halted greenfield developments and exploration over the past four years due to COVID and the ongoing war [27][27] - A ceasefire could theoretically increase Russian oil production by 1.0-1.5 mbd, but fiscal constraints and taxation policies make this unlikely [28][28] Additional Important Insights - The report highlights the adaptability of Russian oil operations despite sanctions and damage to refineries, with a focus on maintaining production within the OPEC+ framework [26][26] - The price of Urals crude has dropped below the $60/bbl price cap, indicating a significant discount and prompting sellers to adjust pricing strategies [17][17] This comprehensive analysis provides insights into the current state and future outlook of the oil market, emphasizing the interplay between geopolitical factors, production dynamics, and pricing trends.

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call primarily discusses the oil industry, focusing on the impact of tariffs, sanctions, and OPEC+ production quotas on the oil market [1][2][3]. Core Insights and Arguments 1. **Impact of Tariffs and Sanctions**: Tariffs and counter-tariffs are expected to create uncertainty in oil demand, particularly affecting the oil-intensive sectors of the global economy [1][11]. 2. **OPEC+ Production Quotas**: It is anticipated that OPEC+ will extend current production quotas into the second half of the year, which could lead to a balanced oil market [1][3][12]. 3. **Brent Price Forecasts**: Brent price forecasts for 2025 remain largely unchanged, with slight adjustments for the first quarter. The expected prices are $75.0 for Q1, $72.5 for Q3 and Q4, and $70.0 for 2026 [3][18]. 4. **Demand Growth Forecast**: The demand growth forecast is at the lower end of the consensus range, with expectations of 1.0 to 1.4 million barrels per day (mb/d) [13][14]. 5. **Russian Oil Exports**: Recent sanctions have led to a decline in Russian oil exports, with a reduction of approximately 150,000 barrels per day (kb/d) in the second half of the year [14][23]. 6. **Supply Dynamics**: Non-OPEC supply growth is projected at 0.8 mb/d for 2025, which is below the consensus estimate of 1.1 mb/d. This reflects ongoing challenges in offsetting declines from mature fields [38][39]. 7. **Iranian Oil Production**: There is an expectation of a decline in Iranian oil production due to renewed sanctions, with a forecasted decrease of 0.3 mb/d from January 2025 to January 2026 [41][43]. 8. **Saudi Aramco's Pricing Strategy**: Saudi Aramco's Official Selling Prices (OSPs) for March indicate a willingness to keep supply constrained, with significant increases in OSPs compared to market expectations [45][46]. 9. **Regional Impacts of Tariffs**: The potential tariffs on Canadian and Mexican oil imports have created uncertainty, but the overall impact on global oil flows is expected to be modest [26][32]. Additional Important Observations 1. **Geopolitical Tensions**: The oil market is currently facing geopolitical tensions, including sanctions on Russia and Iran, which are influencing supply and demand dynamics [9][21]. 2. **Seasonal Demand Patterns**: Demand growth is expected to be concentrated in the transition from Q2 to Q3, with a forecasted surplus in Q2 turning into a deficit in the second half of the year [16][17]. 3. **Refinery Margins**: Refining margins and product crack spreads have risen to offset the higher costs of Canadian crude, indicating localized market adjustments [30][32]. 4. **Kazakhstan and Libya**: Both countries are noted for their potential production growth, with Libya's exports rising and Kazakhstan's Tengiz expansion project expected to contribute to increased output [49][50][52]. This summary encapsulates the key points discussed in the conference call, providing insights into the current state and future outlook of the oil industry.

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call focuses on the US oil supply and demand dynamics, particularly in November 2024, highlighting the impact of Hurricane Rafael on production and demand trends in the oil sector [1][2][3]. Core Insights and Arguments - **US Crude Oil Production**: - US crude oil production fell by 1% month-over-month (MoM) in November, primarily due to hurricane-related disruptions in the Gulf of Mexico (GoM) [1][2]. - Total US crude production decreased by 120 thousand barrels per day (kb/d) MoM, with a year-over-year (YoY) growth of only 30 kb/d, significantly below the year-to-date (YTD) average growth of 280 kb/d [2][3]. - **Shale Production**: - Shale production experienced its first decline in five months, dropping by 20 kb/d MoM, with Texas and New Mexico being the primary contributors to this decline [4]. - Annual growth in shale production was only 240 kb/d YoY, well below the YTD average of approximately 450 kb/d [4]. - **Refinery Operations**: - Refinery runs reached an all-time high for November, increasing by 430 kb/d to a throughput of 16.6 million barrels per day (mb/d) [31]. - The increase in refinery runs was attributed to the recovery from planned maintenance and a focus on maximizing middle distillate yields [31][32]. - **Oil Demand**: - Total US oil demand fell by 775 kb/d MoM, with significant declines in demand for finished products, particularly road travel fuels like gasoline and diesel [41][43]. - Despite record levels of travel during the Thanksgiving holiday, gasoline demand was 100 kb/d lower than November 2023 levels, indicating a disconnect between travel activity and fuel consumption [44][47]. - **Exports and Imports**: - Crude exports rose sharply by 460 kb/d MoM, driven by increased purchases from Asian customers [22][26]. - Crude imports also increased by 220 kb/d MoM, leading to a net export increase of 755 kb/d [93][95]. - **Inventory Trends**: - US total crude stocks increased by only 2.2 million barrels (mln bbls) in November, with finished product inventories building significantly, particularly in middle distillates [111][112]. Additional Important Insights - **Hurricane Impact**: The hurricane caused a significant shut-in of production, with over 23% of crude oil production in the GoM affected [14]. - **Market Dynamics**: The disconnect between vehicle miles traveled and gasoline demand is attributed to increased fuel efficiency and a growing share of electric vehicles (EVs) [48]. - **Future Outlook**: The Gulf of Mexico is expected to be a major driver of US production growth in 2025, with several new projects coming online [15][16]. This summary encapsulates the critical points discussed in the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future outlook of the US oil industry.

Summary of J.P. Morgan U.S. Oil Production Tracker Industry Overview - The report focuses on the U.S. oil and gas production forecasts, specifically the Lower 48 states (L48) through 2030, highlighting significant growth in oil production driven primarily by the Permian Basin. Key Points Oil Production Estimates - **2024 Oil Production**: Averaged 12.82 million barrels per day (MMBo/d), an increase of 344 thousand barrels per day (MBo/d) or +3% compared to 2023's average of 12.48 MMBo/d [2][3] - **2025 Oil Production Forecast**: Revised to 13.21 MMBo/d, indicating a year-over-year growth of 395 MBo/d, largely attributed to the Permian Basin's growth of 244 MBo/d [3][6] - **2026 Oil Production Forecast**: Estimated at 13.17 MMBo/d, indicating a flat year-over-year change [3][6] Natural Gas Production Estimates - **2024 Natural Gas Production**: Averaged 101.7 billion cubic feet per day (Bcf/d), a decrease of 777 million cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) or -1% from 2023 levels [2][7] - **2025 Natural Gas Production Forecast**: Expected to average 105.8 Bcf/d, reflecting an increase of 3.9 Bcf/d year-over-year, driven by growth in the Permian (+1.4 Bcf/d), Appalachia (+1.2 Bcf/d), and Haynesville (+0.9 Bcf/d) [3][7] - **2026 Natural Gas Production Forecast**: Anticipated to reach 110.5 Bcf/d, with significant contributions from Appalachia (+1.9 Bcf/d), Haynesville (+1.0 Bcf/d), and Permian (+0.9 Bcf/d) [3][7] Basin-Level Insights - The Permian Basin is identified as the primary driver of growth in both oil and natural gas production, compensating for declines in other regions [2][3] - **DUC Count**: The total U.S. drilled but uncompleted (DUC) well count decreased by 113 wells (-4%) to 2,964 in February, with notable decreases in the Permian and Appalachia basins [7] - **TIL Activity**: Total TILs (turn-in-line) decreased by 3 month-over-month to 937 in December, with declines in major basins like Haynesville and Appalachia [7] Market Dynamics - **Commodity Prices**: WTI prices fell by $1.26 per barrel to $72.70 per barrel, while the Brent/WTI spread narrowed to $2.05 per barrel from $2.69 per barrel [7] - **EIA Comparisons**: The report includes comparisons of J.P. Morgan's forecasts against the EIA's Short-Term Energy Outlook, indicating discrepancies in oil supply estimates for December and January [7] Additional Considerations - The report emphasizes the importance of updated modeling that incorporates activity levels, lateral lengths, cycle times, and decline rates to refine production forecasts [3][7] - The potential impact of increased U.S. LNG export capacity on natural gas demand is noted as a significant factor for future growth [3] Conclusion - The U.S. oil and gas production landscape is expected to see continued growth, particularly from the Permian Basin, with revised forecasts indicating a positive outlook for both oil and natural gas production through 2026. The report highlights the need for ongoing monitoring of market dynamics and production activities across various basins.

Summary of J.P. Morgan Global Commodities Research - Oil Demand & Inventory Tracker Industry Overview - The report focuses on the global oil industry, specifically analyzing oil demand and inventory levels as of January 2025. Key Points Oil Demand - Global oil demand increased by 1.5 million barrels per day (mbd) year-over-year in January, reaching a total of 101.5 mbd, exceeding monthly projections by 200 thousand barrels per day (kbd) [2][4][86] - The demand for heating fuels in the U.S. has surged, with the four-week average distillate demand at its highest since March 2022 [4][86] - In Asia, travel volumes during China's New Year holiday rose by 8% compared to the previous year, surpassing the forecast of 7% [4][86] - India anticipates a significant increase in travel due to a religious pilgrimage expected to attract 450 million devotees between January and February [4][86] Oil Inventories - Global observable oil inventories (crude and products) saw a net increase of 7 mb in the last week of January, driven by a 20 mb rise in crude oil inventories, partially offset by a 13 mb decline in oil product inventories [4][86] - Throughout January, global observable oil inventories experienced a drawdown of 78 mb, primarily due to a 58 mb reduction in crude oil stocks and a 20 mb decrease in oil product inventories [4][86] - OECD commercial oil stocks reported a net reduction of 24 mb in January, with a significant 31 mb reduction in oil product stocks, while crude oil inventories increased by 7 mb [3][4][86] Regional Insights - Five economies reported their oil consumption statistics, indicating varied trends across regions [4][86] - The U.S. saw a notable increase in crude oil inventories by 9 mb, marking the largest weekly increase since February 2024, while oil product stocks fell by 11 mb due to heightened demand for heating fuel [4][86] Additional Observations - The report highlights the impact of seasonal factors, such as winter heating needs in the U.S. and holiday travel in Asia, on oil demand [4][86] - The data suggests a potential continuation of upward momentum in oil demand into February 2025 [4][86] Conclusion - The analysis indicates a robust recovery in global oil demand, driven by seasonal factors and increased travel activity, while inventory levels reflect a complex interplay of supply and demand dynamics across different regions. The insights provided can inform investment strategies and risk assessments in the oil sector.