Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry Core Insights - The WHO design principles and tools aim to enhance the usability and impact of WHO guidelines by focusing on the needs of end users and improving implementation at the country level [2][3] - The development of these principles involved extensive co-design workshops with participants from 15 countries, emphasizing a user-centered approach [8][9] - The principles are designed to be complementary to existing WHO documentation and informed by user feedback to ensure relevance and effectiveness [4][5] Summary by Sections Design Principles - The design principles include: 1. Design with empathy by understanding people and their context 2. Design for living guidelines 3. Design for accessibility 4. Design for clarity 5. Design for translation to multiple languages [13][21] Tools for Implementation - Relevant tools developed to support the design principles include: - T1: Stakeholder network map - T2: Enablers and barriers - T3: Empathy map - T4: Guideline journey mapping - T5: Annotated sample guideline chapter - T6: Design guide - T7: Translated sample guideline page [15][40][46] Development Process - The principles were developed over two years through four workshops, focusing on improving accessibility, clarity, and translation [8][11][12] - Insights from over 70 end-users were gathered to identify barriers in guideline use and inform the design process [7][8] Focus Areas - Emphasis on understanding the unique circumstances of guideline users to enhance implementation [22] - Guidelines should be treated as living documents that can be updated easily to reflect new evidence [26] - Accessibility is crucial, ensuring guidelines are usable by individuals with various impairments and available across multiple platforms [30] - Clarity in communication is essential, with guidelines written in plain language and structured for easy navigation [35] - Consideration for translation is necessary to accommodate diverse languages and cultural contexts [38]

Investment Rating - The report does not provide a specific investment rating for the industry. Core Insights - The WHO Global Action Plan aims to promote the health of refugees and migrants from 2019 to 2030, addressing the increasing number of international migrants and the health challenges they face [9][18][20]. Summary by Sections Global Overview - The percentage of international migrants in the global population has increased from 2.8% in 2000 to 3.6% in 2020, with the total number of international migrants rising from 173 million in 2000 to 281 million in 2020, a growth of 49% [18][19]. - As of 2020, there are 68.5 million forcibly displaced individuals globally, including 25.4 million refugees and 10 million stateless persons [20][21]. Health Consequences and Challenges - Many refugees and migrants face barriers to accessing healthcare services, including language and cultural differences, high costs, discrimination, and administrative obstacles [22][24]. - Refugees and migrants are particularly vulnerable to communicable diseases and mental health issues due to their living conditions and lack of access to healthcare [25][26]. Role and Responsibilities of International Organizations - The WHO plays a crucial role in promoting health coverage for refugees and migrants, coordinating with various international organizations to address health issues [29][30]. - The International Organization for Migration (IOM) and the UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) also have significant responsibilities in providing health services and protection for refugees [31][32]. Priorities of the Global Action Plan - Priority 1: Promote the health of refugees and migrants through public health interventions [39]. - Priority 2: Improve the continuity and quality of primary healthcare services for refugees and migrants [43]. - Priority 3: Advocate for the inclusion of refugee and migrant health in global and national agendas [46]. - Priority 4: Enhance capacity to address social determinants of health affecting refugees and migrants [51]. - Priority 5: Strengthen health monitoring and information systems related to refugee and migrant health [55]. - Priority 6: Support evidence-based communication to dispel myths about refugees and migrants [60].

Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly provide an investment rating for the infection prevention and control industry Core Insights - The report highlights the significant burden of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on patients and healthcare systems, emphasizing the need for robust infection prevention and control (IPC) measures [10][12][41] - It indicates that HAIs are among the most common adverse events in healthcare delivery, with a higher prevalence in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared to high-income countries (HICs) [45][46] - The report underscores the importance of IPC in ensuring the safety of patients and healthcare workers, particularly in the context of recent pandemics and outbreaks [40][42] Summary by Sections Executive Summary - The report provides a comprehensive overview of the global situation regarding IPC, focusing on the impact of HAIs and AMR on healthcare delivery [40][42] - It identifies gaps in IPC programs across various resource levels and income classifications, highlighting the need for improved strategies [41][43] Section 2: Unsafe Care Issues Due to HAIs and AMR - HAIs are prevalent in healthcare settings, with an average of 7 out of 100 patients in HICs and 15 out of 100 patients in LMICs experiencing at least one HAI during hospitalization [45] - The report notes that the burden of HAIs is particularly severe in LMICs, where the incidence rates are significantly higher than in HICs [45][46] Section 3: Implementation of IPC at National Level - The report analyzes the implementation of IPC measures at the national level, emphasizing the need for dedicated budgets and action plans to address HAIs and AMR [7][8] - It discusses the importance of training and education in IPC practices to enhance compliance and effectiveness [8][9] Section 4: Implementation of IPC in Healthcare Institutions - The report outlines the core components necessary for effective IPC implementation in healthcare facilities, including monitoring, auditing, and feedback mechanisms [8][9] - It highlights the role of hand hygiene and other preventive measures in reducing the incidence of HAIs [8][9] Section 5: Regional Focus - The report provides a regional analysis of IPC implementation, identifying specific challenges and actions taken in various regions, including Africa, the Americas, Southeast Asia, and Europe [8][9] - It emphasizes the need for tailored strategies to address the unique challenges faced by different regions in implementing IPC measures [8][9] Section 6: Path Forward - The report concludes with recommendations for strengthening IPC frameworks globally, including the establishment of accountability mechanisms and the integration of IPC into broader health system strengthening efforts [12][40]

Industry Overview - The humanitarian crisis in Syria has escalated, with 16.7 million people in need and 10.8 million targeted for assistance [2] - The funding requirement for 2025 is US$ 141.5 million, including a US$ 56.4 million emergency flash appeal [2] - Syria has the second-highest number of internally displaced persons globally, with over half the population at risk of hunger [4] Health Sector Challenges - Health facilities face critical shortages of medical supplies, with 77 attacks on healthcare recorded in 2024 [5] - Essential health services are severely strained, with power and energy supplies insufficient in most areas [5] - Malnutrition rates have tripled in four years, and medical care has deteriorated due to lack of resources [4] WHO's Strategic Objectives - Sustain and enhance access to essential quality health services, including medicines, vaccines, and diagnostics [13] - Ensure emergency preparedness and response, focusing on trauma care and emergency referrals [13] - Strengthen health leadership and coordination to address urgent needs of affected populations [13] Operational Presence and Partnerships - WHO has an operational presence in Damascus, Gaziantep, and five field offices, with approximately 150 staff [18][19] - WHO collaborates with over 70 members in the health cluster, including national and international NGOs and UN agencies [21] - The organization works closely with the Ministry of Health and local partners to address health needs [20] Funding Requirements - The total estimated financial requirements for 2025 include US$ 56.4 million for the Flash Appeal [27] - Key funding areas include safe and scalable care (US$ 91.2 million) and case management and therapeutics (US$ 47.9 million) [26] - Operational support and logistics require US$ 22.9 million, while infection prevention and control in health facilities need US$ 1.1 million [26]

Industry Overview - Lebanon's health sector is under immense strain due to socio-economic deterioration, regional instability, and recent escalations in violence, with over 1.3 million internally displaced people and 80% of Lebanese citizens and 90% of Syrian refugees affected by poverty [16] - The health system faces unprecedented challenges, including the closure of 130 primary health centers and 7 hospitals, nearly 4000 fatalities, and over 16,000 injuries due to military escalation [2] - The crisis is compounded by shortages of medical supplies, skilled health personnel, and essential medicines, leaving vulnerable populations without access to critical treatments [9] Humanitarian Needs and Funding - 3.7 million people are in need of humanitarian assistance, including 2.2 million Lebanese, 1.3 million Syrian refugees, 119,000 Palestinian refugees, and 87,000 migrants [1] - The funding requirement for the 2025 humanitarian emergency is USD 48 million, with the largest allocation for safe and scalable care (USD 37,988,000) and essential health systems and services (USD 26,678,000) [26] WHO's Strategic Objectives and Activities - WHO's 2025 strategy focuses on strengthening disease surveillance, enhancing laboratory capacity, improving emergency response capabilities, expanding mental health support, and ensuring continuity of essential healthcare [15] - Key activities include training 500 healthcare workers in data collection, upgrading laboratories, distributing 100 trauma kits, and training 1000 health workers in trauma care and mass casualty management [15] - WHO aims to stabilize Lebanon's healthcare system, expand access to critical services, and foster collaboration with the Ministry of Public Health (MoPH) and partners [12] Achievements and Ongoing Efforts - In 2024, WHO delivered 225 metric tons of medical supplies, established mobile medical units, and strengthened disease surveillance, which helped detect and contain a cholera outbreak [18] - The Public Health Emergency Operation Centre (PHEOC) coordinated Lebanon's emergency health response during a Beirut explosion, directing 2800 victims to hospitals and managing logistics [8] - WHO has trained over 5600 healthcare workers in mass casualty management and supported the PHEOC with essential equipment and technical assistance [22] Partnerships and Coordination - WHO collaborates with MoPH, UNHCR, and 58 health partners under the health sector coordination mechanism, leveraging Lebanon's existing humanitarian and developmental architecture [20] - WHO's partnership with MoPH includes supporting Lebanon's transition to health resilience through early recovery efforts, such as restoring health infrastructure and addressing workforce shortages [19] Future Plans - WHO's 2025 strategy includes a dual approach to meet immediate health needs and early recovery goals, focusing on mass casualty management, trauma care, and sustaining essential healthcare services [28] - The strategy aligns with Lebanon's National Health Strategy Vision 2030, prioritizing strengthened health system governance, expanded primary healthcare, and greater self-sufficiency in essential medical supplies [3]

Humanitarian Crisis Overview - Somalia faces a severe humanitarian crisis with 6 million people in need and 4.6 million targeted for assistance, requiring $38 million in funding [2] - The crisis is driven by four principal shocks: conflict, drought, flooding, and disease outbreaks, leading to displacement and poor health outcomes [3] - Over three decades of armed conflict have weakened the health system, resulting in low immunization rates, a sparse health workforce, and high maternal and child mortality rates [4] - Climatic shocks in 2023 and 2024, including droughts and flooding, have disrupted food production, increased food insecurity, and led to widespread severe acute malnutrition [5] - The outlook for 2025 is concerning, with the La Niña weather pattern expected to induce drought, further displacement, and a rise in infectious diseases [6] WHO's Strategic Objectives and Response Strategy - WHO aims to strengthen inter-sectoral coordination, deliver life-saving health interventions, and enhance health system resilience to cope with future crises [11] - WHO will support Federal Member State Ministries of Health to improve coordination and response capacity for managing health emergencies [12] - WHO will sustain essential public health functions built during the COVID-19 pandemic, including collaborative surveillance, community protection, and access to medical countermeasures [13] - WHO will address gaps in essential health service delivery by training healthcare workers and procuring emergency health kits and medicines [14] Operational Presence and Partnerships - WHO Somalia operates with over 200 personnel across all Member States, with main offices in Mogadishu and sub-offices in Garowe, Hargeisa, and Baidoa [15] - WHO coordinates with around 50 active partners, including 18 international NGOs, 28 national NGOs, and 4 United Nations agencies, to address health needs and strengthen health systems [16] Key Activities for 2025 - WHO will coordinate with the Ministry of Health and cluster partners to conduct public health situation analyses, strengthen surveillance systems, and enhance laboratory capacity [20] - WHO will preposition critical medical supplies, provide case management training, and implement targeted interventions to prevent sexual exploitation, abuse, and harassment [20] - WHO will support outbreak control, mass casualty response, and data collection to inform decision-making and optimize response strategies [20] Achievements in 2024 - WHO and Action Against Hunger provided life-saving health and nutrition services to drought-affected regions, reaching almost 15,000 people in Banadir, Bay, and Lower Shabelle regions [21][26] - The project improved access to health and nutrition services, supported disease surveillance teams, and enhanced the availability of services at health facilities [24][25] Funding Requirements for 2025 - The total funding requirement for Somalia's humanitarian emergency in 2025 is $38.07 million, covering areas such as collaborative surveillance, diagnostics, community protection, and essential health systems [29]

Industry Overview - The report focuses on the World Hand Hygiene Day (WHHD) 2025 campaign, emphasizing the importance of hand hygiene in healthcare settings and its alignment with broader infection prevention and control (IPC) strategies [2][3] - The campaign aims to promote global hand hygiene, particularly in healthcare, with a focus on fresh ideas to motivate healthcare workers and the IPC community [2] - The theme for WHHD 2025 will align with the campaign's core message, be easy to communicate, and provide practical actions for healthcare workers [2] Key Themes for WHHD 2025 - **WASH Infrastructure**: The campaign could focus on improving hand hygiene linked to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), particularly at the point of care, with considerations for climate and sustainability issues [4] - **Integration of IPC and Hand Hygiene**: This theme highlights the synergy between hand hygiene and broader IPC strategies, ensuring alignment with the IPC Global Action Plan and Monitoring Framework [5] - **Financing for IPC**: The theme targets policymakers, addressing the business case for investing in IPC and hand hygiene as part of overall healthcare funding [5] - **Innovation in Hand Hygiene**: Focus on technological innovations that improve hand hygiene practices, with discussions on the potential of new technologies [6] - **Glove Use and Green IPC**: This theme addresses the misuse of gloves in healthcare settings and explores the environmental impacts of improper glove disposal, linking to sustainable IPC practices [6] Recent Developments and Tools - The WASH framework, led by WHO and UNICEF, complements the Global Action Plan and encourages governments to implement adopted documents [7] - Key documents released include the Infectious Diarrhea and Healthcare Settings Operational Guide, which has been instrumental in shaping IPC and WASH actions during cholera and other infectious diarrhea outbreaks [10] - The Mpox Infection Prevention and Control Measures for Home Care and Isolation document provides guidelines for home care settings, particularly relevant given the ongoing Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) status for Mpox [11] - The Mpox Screening Form for Healthcare Facility Entrances was launched to ensure timely detection and prevention of infection spread [12] - The PPE Guidelines for Ebola and Marburg Disease infographic provides proper steps for donning and doffing PPE, relevant to the ongoing Marburg fever outbreak in Rwanda [13] AI and Digital Technologies in IPC - A project presented by Silvana Gastaldi focuses on integrating AI and digital technologies into IPC practices, aiming to enhance IPC strategies through emerging technologies [18][19] - The project will identify AI applications and digital technologies that support IPC implementation, assessing their practical applications, benefits, challenges, and economic aspects [19] - A survey will be launched in November 2024 to collect insights from healthcare professionals on AI and digital technologies in IPC, with results expected to inform IPC professionals on effective technology integration [21][22] Global IPC Network Updates - The WHO IPC Hub coordinates the Global IPC Network (GIPCN), which aims to strengthen national and international collaborations to enhance IPC systems, improve outbreak preparedness, and build capacity for surveillance [29] - The GIPCN meeting discussed updates on IPC progress, including the publication of the Surveillance of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs) handbook, which introduces new HAI case definitions for low-resource settings [36] - The WHO IPC Unit is developing a protocol for conducting point prevalence studies, expected to be issued in early 2025, to provide technical support for surveillance and training [37] Advocacy and High-Level Events - The UN General Assembly's Political Declaration on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in September 2024 highlighted the role of IPC in preventing AMR, with a focus on achieving IPC minimum requirements in all countries [40][41] - The WHO IPC Unit is organizing a session on IPC during the High-Level Ministerial Conference in Saudi Arabia on AMR, presenting the results of a cost-effectiveness study on IPC conducted with OECD [41] - The Italian G7 Presidency will host an event focused on AMR and the One Health approach, where WHO IPC will present OECD data and finalize an investment case document for IPC and WASH in healthcare facilities [42] Environmental Sustainability in IPC - The concept of sustainability in IPC was discussed, with a focus on integrating environmental, social, and health system sustainability into IPC practices [89] - The misuse of gloves and their environmental impact, particularly in relation to waste management and climate change, was highlighted as a key area for IPC improvement [108] - The Infection Prevention Society (IPS) in the UK expressed strong support for environmental sustainability initiatives within IPC, noting it as a priority for their members [105]

Industry Investment Rating - The report does not explicitly mention an industry investment rating [1][2][3] Core Viewpoints - The WHO Faith Network is actively engaged in health emergency preparedness, response, and resilience, with a focus on communication, advocacy, and trust-building [6] - The network collaborates with religious leaders, faith-based organizations, and communities to strengthen national responses to health emergencies [5] - The PRET Initiative aims to enhance pandemic preparedness by focusing on modes of transmission and leveraging existing systems and tools [11][20] Key Areas of Interest (2022-23) Communication and Advocacy - Focus on sharing accurate health information and advocating for health equity and vaccine access [6] - Development of evidence on the role of trust and religious leaders in health emergencies [6] Strengthening Health Emergency Preparedness - Partnership between WHO and faith partners to enhance preparedness, response, and resilience [6] - Development of preparedness checklists for faith partners, including piloting and refining for dissemination [6] Strategy Dissemination and Operationalization - Dissemination of the WHO strategy for engaging religious leaders and faith-based organizations in health emergencies [6] - Mapping of health assets and infrastructure owned by faith-based organizations [6] Research and Documentation - Collection, documentation, and publication of research on various topics related to health emergencies and faith-based engagement [6] Upcoming Initiatives and Meetings - Tentative theme for upcoming meetings: hospital simulation exercises [4] - PRET Partners Engagement Forum scheduled for 1.5 hours, with breakout sessions by topic [26] - Combined meetings planned for 2025 and beyond, focusing on epidemic and pandemic preparedness [30] Technical Briefings and Publications - Technical briefings on influenza H5N1, Mpox, and global health emergency architecture [22] - Publication of a comment in Lancet Global Health on faith as a complex system in health emergency preparedness [14] - Christian Health Asset Mapping Consortium published a concept paper on faith-based public-private partnerships [25] Integration and Collaboration - Integration of the Faith Network into the PRET Partners Engagement Forum [26] - Collaboration with the World of Work Network and Trust Partners Engagement Forum [33] - Dialogue on trust with the Global Preparedness and Monitoring Board, with findings included in the 2025 GMPM Report [28] Future Directions - Consolidation within the Pandemic Preparedness Global Platforms Unit, focusing on health in the world of work and trust [33] - Frequency of meetings set at every 2 months, with plenary and breakout sessions [34] - Next Partners Engagement Forum tentatively scheduled for the last week of January [35]

Industry Overview - The global vaccine market in 2023 stabilized at approximately 7 billion doses, a significant decrease from 2022 due to reduced COVID-19 vaccine procurement [87] - The financial value of the global vaccine market grew by 15% CAGR over the past five years, driven by higher-priced adult vaccines in high-income countries and novel RSV vaccines [88] - COVID-19 vaccines accounted for the highest global financial value at US$20 billion, representing 27% of the total market value in 2023 [88] Manufacturing and Supply - The global vaccine market remains highly concentrated, with the top 10 manufacturers accounting for 73% of vaccine dose volumes and 85% of global financial value [89] - Manufacturers affiliated with the DCVMN sold over 50% of vaccine doses globally, representing 11% of global financial value, while IFPMA-affiliated manufacturers accounted for 85% of financial value [89] - Pfizer and the Serum Institute of India (SII) are outliers in terms of financial value and volume, with SII returning to its pre-pandemic position as the largest volume manufacturer with 22% of the global market [38][90] Vaccine-Specific Dynamics - Rotavirus vaccine volumes grew by 5% from 2022 and 29% from 2019, driven by increased demand and availability, particularly in MICs [116] - HPV vaccine volumes increased by 18% from 2022 and over 50 million doses since 2019, with a 16% CAGR, largely due to growing procurement in China [116] - Seasonal influenza vaccine volumes grew by 32% from 2019 to 2023, driven by expanded use in countries like China [107] Regional Supply Security - The WHO African and Eastern Mediterranean regions rely heavily on vaccines manufactured outside their regions, with less than 5% of vaccines procured in 2023 produced locally [3][92] - The WHO South-East Asia region self-supplied 87% of vaccines procured, with India providing 84% of the region's doses and self-supplying 99% of its own procurements [93] - The WHO Western Pacific region self-supplied 66% of vaccines procured, with China providing 54% of the region's doses and self-supplying 90% of its own procurements [93] Procurement and Pricing - Self-procuring middle-income countries (MICs) accounted for 40% of global vaccine volumes, while pooled procurement initiatives (UNICEF and PAHO) represented 36% [134] - High-income countries (HICs) dominated the financial value, representing 72% of the market's value in 2023, up from 65% in 2022 [134] - Vaccine prices remained relatively stable, with tiered pricing based on country income levels, and pooled procurement mechanisms offering lower prices [135] Regulatory Landscape - As of 2023, 34 vaccine-producing countries have reached ML 3 or higher for vaccine manufacturing, with no new countries achieving this milestone in 2023 [9][136] - The WHO collaborative registration procedure for prequalified vaccines expanded to 67 countries and one regional economic community as of August 2024 [58] - Efforts to enhance regulatory capacity in countries planning to produce vaccines are ongoing, with some achieving ML 3 for medicines regulation [10]

Industry Overview - The ongoing conflict in Sudan has driven a large influx of refugees into surrounding countries, including Chad, South Sudan, Egypt, Libya, Ethiopia, and the Central African Republic [1] - Nearly 12.0 million people have been displaced, with almost 2.5 million displaced into neighboring countries [2] - The report focuses on the health situation and WHO's regional response in refugee-hosting countries, excluding Sudan itself [3] Chad - Chad is at the center of the Sudan refugee crisis, with over 935,000 Sudanese refugees/asylum seekers entering since April 2023 [5] - Refugees live in formal and informal camps across nine health districts, facing challenges in accessing essential health services due to difficult physical access, limited medical supplies, and a lack of health workers [5] - Health concerns include chickenpox, malaria, acute jaundice syndrome, hepatitis E, and measles, with significant case numbers reported across various districts [7] Ethiopia - Ethiopia has received over 179,700 refugees and returnees from Sudan as of November 2024, with concerns over insecurity, shortages of supplies, and inadequate water and latrine facilities [25] - Malaria cases are increasing among both refugees and host communities in the Amhara region [25] - Health services are provided by Health Cluster partners, local health facilities, and mobile health and nutrition teams [27] South Sudan - South Sudan has received over 886,000 refugees and returnees since April 2023, with the majority crossing through the Wunthow (Joda) point of entry [84] - The ongoing cholera outbreak is linked to the influx of returnees and refugees, with 1,427 cases and 14 deaths reported between September and December 2024 [84] - WHO has shipped 22 metric tons of cholera kits and four tents to Malakal, providing resources to treat 2,200 individuals [85] Egypt - Egypt has received 1.2 million new arrivals from Sudan as of November 2024, with 569,629 Sudanese registered with UNHCR [95] - WHO Egypt has provided coverage for 2,261 health services for Sudanese refugees, including management of injuries, renal dialysis, and caesarean sections [96] - Despite being certified malaria-free, Egypt has reported 20 malaria cases among Sudanese refugees in 2024 [96] Libya - As of November 2024, 125,020 health certificates have been issued, predominantly to adult male Sudanese refugees, indicating a rapid increase in refugee influx to southern Libya [97] Central African Republic - As of November 2024, six affected districts have reported at least one outbreak, with an ongoing hepatitis E epidemic affecting Vakaga [63] - A total of 239 suspected cases of hepatitis E have been reported, with 84 laboratory-confirmed cases and five deaths [64] Operational Challenges - Key challenges include resource mobilization gaps, inadequate early warning and response systems, limited health service delivery, health worker shortages, and insecurity [68] - The funding gap significantly hampers operations, with limited availability of water and supplies increasing the risk of outbreaks such as cholera and hepatitis E [68] Next Steps - Continued support for health emergency preparedness and response, including surveillance, rapid response teams, WASH, and case management [69] - Financial and logistical support to restock drug supplies, diagnostic kits, and IPC/WASH supplies at points of entry [69] - Capacity building of health workers and EMTs at health facilities and points of entry serving host communities and refugees [69]