Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The conference call focused on the **semiconductor industry**, particularly the **AI semiconductor** segment, with insights from **Morgan Stanley** regarding the **cloud capital expenditure (capex)** and the **supply chain dynamics** in Taiwan [6][10]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Cloud Capex Growth**: Major cloud service providers (CSPs) are projected to spend nearly **US$582 billion** on cloud capex in **2026**, with estimates from Nvidia suggesting global cloud capex could reach **US$1 trillion** by **2028** [13][15]. - **AI Semiconductor Market Size**: The global semiconductor market size is expected to reach **US$1 trillion** by **2030**, with the AI semiconductor total addressable market (TAM) projected to grow to **US$235 billion** by **2025** [25]. - **Nvidia's Rack Output**: Post second-quarter earnings, expectations for **GB200/300 rack output** have become more bullish, with projections of approximately **34,000 racks** for **2025** and at least **60,000 racks** for **2026** [49]. - **Nvidia's GPU Supply**: TSMC is anticipated to produce **5.1 million** chips in **2025**, while NVL72 shipments are expected to reach **30,000** [42]. - **AI Semiconductor Demand Drivers**: The primary growth driver for AI semiconductors is attributed to **cloud AI**, with a significant focus on inference versus training AI semiconductors [27][71]. Additional Important Insights - **Capex to EBITDA Ratio**: The capex to EBITDA ratio has surged since **2024**, indicating increased capex intensity [21]. - **Custom AI Chips**: Custom AI chips are expected to outpace general-purpose chips, with a projected market size of approximately **US$21 billion** in **2025** [139]. - **TSMC's Capacity Expansion**: TSMC plans to expand its CoWoS capacity significantly, with projections of **93k wafers per month** by **2026** to meet the growing demand for AI chips [105][110]. - **China's AI Semiconductor Demand**: The demand for AI semiconductors in China is expected to grow, with local GPUs projected to fulfill only **39%** of the country's AI demand by **2027** [178][181]. Conclusion - The semiconductor industry, particularly in the AI segment, is poised for substantial growth driven by cloud computing and AI applications. Companies like Nvidia and TSMC are at the forefront of this expansion, with significant investments and capacity enhancements planned for the coming years.

Summary of Conference Call Notes Industry Overview - The conference call focuses on the **campus networking equipment** industry, specifically the **enterprise WLAN** and **campus switching** markets, as reported by **650 Group**. Key Points WLAN Market Insights - The **enterprise WLAN market** (indoor + cloud managed) experienced a **13% year-over-year growth** in **2Q25**, up from **9% in 1Q25**. This growth is attributed to the ongoing upgrades to **WiFi 7** and **6E** technologies [1][4] - The **revenue** for the enterprise WLAN (indoor) market reached **$2.1 billion** in **2Q25**, with **WiFi 7** contributing **$468 million** (up **882% year-over-year**) and **WiFi 6E** generating **$595 million** (up **11% year-over-year**) [4][10] - **WiFi 7**'s share of the total enterprise WLAN (indoor) market increased to **22%** in **2Q25**, compared to **17% in 1Q25**. Conversely, **WiFi 6E**'s share decreased to **28%** from **32%** [5][15] Campus Switching Market Insights - The **campus switching market** saw a **9% year-over-year growth** in **2Q25**, up from **5% in 1Q25**, driven by demand for refreshing aging equipment and supporting increased data traffic [2][9] - Cisco continues to dominate the enterprise switching market with a **52% share**, while **HPE** holds **12%**, and **Huawei** increased its share to **9%** [9][21] Future Projections - **650 Group** anticipates a deceleration in the enterprise WLAN market growth to **8% year-over-year** in **C3Q25** and **7% in C4Q25** [1][8] - The enterprise switching market is expected to slow down to **1% year-over-year growth** in **C3Q25** and decline by **5% year-over-year** in **C4Q25** [2][9] Company-Specific Updates - Updates to the **Cisco Systems, Inc. (CSCO)** model reflect recent **10-K disclosures** and seasonal adjustments for **F2Q26E** [3] - CSCO's **EPS estimates** for **F2026/27/28** have been lowered by an average of **1%** due to the latest disclosures and typical seasonality [23] Risks and Opportunities - **Upside risks** include trends such as hybrid work, multi-cloud network architecture adoption, and the broader rollout of WiFi 6/6E and 5G [27] - **Downside risks** involve competition from major Chinese providers like **Huawei**, margin degradation due to a shift towards cloud customers, and pricing pressures from commoditization [27] Investment Thesis - CSCO is recognized as the global market share leader in networking equipment, with a comprehensive platform across various categories. Despite facing market share losses due to competition, CSCO's extensive offerings position it as a trusted provider [28] Additional Important Information - The **cloud-managed WLAN revenue** was approximately **$396 million**, reflecting a **14% year-over-year increase** [4] - Cisco's leadership in the WLAN market is evident with a **35% share**, followed by **HPE Aruba** at **16%** and **Huawei** at **10%** [12]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call on China's AI Chip Market Industry Overview - The focus of the conference call was on the **AI chip market in China**, specifically addressing the potential growth in production capacity by 2026 and its implications for foreign vendors like **NVIDIA** [1][2]. Core Insights - **Demand Growth**: The expert predicts that domestic AI chip shipments in China will accelerate significantly in **2026**, with estimates of demand reaching **2.9-3.6 million units** [3]. - **Market Share Dynamics**: - In **2024**, NVIDIA is expected to hold approximately **70%** of the market share, with Huawei at **20%** and other players like AMD and T-Head making up the remainder [3]. - By **2025**, NVIDIA's share is projected to drop to **50%**, while Huawei's share is expected to increase to **30%** [3]. - For **2026**, NVIDIA's market share is anticipated to further decline to around **30%**, with Huawei expected to capture **50%** [3]. Production Capacity Insights - **SMIC's Capacity Expansion**: The expert estimates that **SMIC** will increase its sub-7nm capacity from **15kwpm** to **25kwpm** by the end of **Q3 2025**, which could significantly impact AI chip production [4]. - **Yield Rates**: The yield rate is estimated at **20%**, with each **5kwpm** capacity generating approximately **900,000 AI chip dies** annually [4]. Challenges and Constraints - The expert highlighted that the growth in demand for AI chips in **2024-2025** is constrained by: 1. The **H20 ban**. 2. **US restrictions** on Chinese IC design companies collaborating with **TSMC** for high-performance AI chips [3]. - Despite these challenges, some Chinese IC design companies are still able to produce AI chips for inference purposes without high-bandwidth memory (HBM) at TSMC [3]. Additional Considerations - The expert expressed skepticism regarding claims in a **Financial Times** article that suggested China could triple its AI chip output by **2026**, labeling it as "too exaggerated" [2][3]. - The expert emphasized the need for breakthroughs in domestic semiconductor equipment to achieve further capacity increases beyond **25kwpm** [4]. Conclusion - The conference call provided a nuanced view of the **AI chip market in China**, highlighting both the potential for growth and the significant challenges posed by geopolitical factors and technological constraints. The insights suggest a competitive landscape where domestic players are poised to increase their market share at the expense of established foreign vendors like NVIDIA.

Market Trends & Dynamics - Foldable smartphones are gaining traction, with Samsung's Galaxy Z Fold and Flip series breaking preorder records, indicating growing consumer interest in the foldable form factor [2] - The foldable phone market, while still niche, is evolving, with more brands entering the space, including Google, Motorola, Huawei, and Xiaomi, and Apple reportedly planning to join in 2026 [3][4][5] - Foldable smartphones currently account for less than 2% of global smartphone shipments in 2024, highlighting their limited market share compared to traditional smartphones [12] Technological Advancements & Challenges - Early foldable phones faced durability issues, particularly with screen creases and hinge design, but recent models have made significant improvements in these areas [9][10][11] - Samsung's latest foldable phones have reduced thickness and improved battery life, addressing previous concerns and bringing them closer to flagship phone standards [11][12] - Apple's potential entry into the foldable market is contingent on solving durability and usability challenges, aiming for a user experience-focused approach [15][16] Pricing & Accessibility - The high price of foldable phones, ranging from $1500 to $2000, remains a barrier to mass adoption, positioning them as a niche product in the premium smartphone market [12][13] - Samsung is starting to lower prices, with models like the Flip seven launching under $1000, suggesting a trend towards more accessible pricing as the technology matures [24][25] - Industry anticipates that for foldable phones to become mainstream, the price premium needs to be in the 10-20% range relative to a normal phone [23] AI & User Experience - Samsung and Google are positioning foldables as AI-first devices, leveraging the larger screen for enhanced multitasking, immersive tools, and content creation [19][20] - The larger screen of foldable phones facilitates AI-driven use cases, enhancing productivity and creativity by reducing friction in phone usage [20][21]

Summary of Key Points from the Conference Call Industry Overview - The focus of the conference call is on the **China AI and Domestic GPU Supply** industry, particularly the localization efforts in China regarding AI technology and semiconductor manufacturing [4][19]. Core Insights and Arguments - **Capex Growth**: The top six companies in the sector are forecasted to increase their capital expenditures (capex) by **62% year-over-year** to **Rmb 373 billion** [7]. - **Inference Demand**: The demand for inference capabilities is identified as a key driver for future capital expenditures in the AI sector [5]. - **Local GPU Performance**: A performance comparison indicates that local GPUs are improving, with various companies passing qualification tests for AI chip usage [15]. - **Self-Sufficiency Ratio**: By **2027**, it is expected that local GPUs will only meet **39%** of China's AI demand, highlighting a significant gap in self-sufficiency [36]. - **Revenue Projections**: Local GPU revenue is projected to grow to **Rmb 136 billion** by **2027**, driven by advancements in manufacturing capabilities at SMIC [36]. Important Data and Comparisons - **GPU Specifications**: A detailed comparison of various GPUs from companies like NVIDIA and Huawei shows significant differences in performance metrics such as FP16 and FP8 processing capabilities [13][25]. - **Market Dynamics**: The conference highlighted the competitive landscape, with local companies like Huawei and Cambricon making strides in GPU technology, but still facing challenges from established players like NVIDIA [25][36]. - **Chip Production Capacity**: SMIC's production capacity for local GPUs is expected to increase significantly, with projections of **18 kwpm** by **2027** [36]. Additional Noteworthy Points - **AI Demand Drivers**: The call emphasized that the demand for AI semiconductors is expected to accelerate due to generative AI technologies proliferating across various sectors [72]. - **Market Sentiment**: Analysts expressed a cautious optimism regarding the recovery of the semiconductor market, influenced by inventory levels and pricing strategies [72]. - **Investment Recommendations**: Key stocks identified for investment include TSMC and Winbond, with a focus on companies that are well-positioned to benefit from the AI and semiconductor trends [72]. This summary encapsulates the critical insights and data points discussed during the conference call, providing a comprehensive overview of the current state and future outlook of the China AI and GPU supply industry.

Core Insights - Nvidia has established itself as the leader in the AI boom, with sales projected to grow from $27 billion in FY'23 to $200 billion in the current fiscal year, driven by its high-performance GPUs and CUDA software ecosystem [2] - The company's stock valuation is nearly 40 times forward earnings, reflecting both its leadership position and expectations for continued multi-year growth [2] Group 1: AI Training vs. Inference - The AI landscape is evolving, with a potential shift from training to inference, which could impact Nvidia's growth as its success has been primarily linked to training workloads [5][6] - Incremental performance improvements in AI training are diminishing, and access to high-quality training data is becoming a limiting factor, suggesting that the most demanding phase of AI training may plateau [5] - Inference, which applies trained models to new data in real-time, is less intensive per task but occurs continuously, presenting opportunities for mid-performance and cost-effective chip alternatives [6] Group 2: Competitive Landscape - AMD is emerging as a significant competitor in the inference market, with its chips offering competitive performance and cost advantages [8] - Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are gaining traction for inference workloads due to their cost and power efficiency, with companies like Marvell and Broadcom positioned to benefit from this trend [9] - Major U.S. tech firms like Amazon, Alphabet, and Meta are developing their own AI chips, which could reduce their reliance on Nvidia's GPUs and impact Nvidia's revenue [10] Group 3: International Developments - Chinese companies such as Alibaba, Baidu, and Huawei are enhancing their AI chip initiatives, with Alibaba planning to introduce a new inference chip to ensure a reliable semiconductor supply amid U.S. export restrictions [11] - While Nvidia's GPUs are expected to remain integral to Alibaba's AI training operations, inference is anticipated to become a long-term growth driver for the company [11] Group 4: Risks and Future Outlook - Despite Nvidia's strong position due to its established ecosystem and R&D investments, the competitive landscape for inference is becoming increasingly crowded, raising concerns about potential revenue impacts from any slowdown in growth [12] - The critical question for investors is whether Nvidia's growth trajectory can meet the high expectations set by the market, especially if the economics of inference do not prove as advantageous as those of training [12]

Summary of the Conference Call on China Smart Driving Chip Sector Industry Overview - The smart driving chip market in China is projected to reach USD 15.4 billion by 2030, growing at a CAGR of 40% from 2025 to 2030, driven by the increasing adoption of Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) features [2][34] - The penetration of Navigate on Autopilot (NOA) features is expected to reach 88% by 2030, creating a significant market opportunity for smart driving chips [2][12] Key Companies Discussed Horizon Robotics - Horizon Robotics is positioned as the domestic leader in smart driving System on Chip (SoC), with a projected 23% vehicle share for L1-L2 SoC and 30% for L2+ SoC in 2024 [3] - The company is expected to capture 29% of the outsourced L2+ & above SoC TAM by value by 2030, supported by its unique hardware-software integrated model [3][14] - Horizon's SoC design is co-optimized with smart driving algorithms, allowing for lower costs and faster iterations, potentially increasing OEM net income by 10-20% on a RMB 150K vehicle [3] - Horizon Robotics is rated Outperform with a price target of HKD 15, indicating a 56% upside potential [3][8] Black Sesame - Black Sesame is the second-largest domestic vendor but faces challenges due to a lack of scale and heavy R&D burdens, which could pressure its financials [4][9] - The company focuses on L2+ SoC, capturing a 9% vehicle share in 2024, but lacks software expertise, slowing customer acquisition compared to Horizon [5] - Black Sesame's current balance sheet can only support R&D investments for 1-2 years, suggesting a need for frequent capital raises, which could dilute shareholder value [5] - Black Sesame is rated Underperform with a price target of HKD 16, indicating a 15% downside potential [5][9] Market Dynamics - Concerns exist regarding OEMs' in-house development of smart driving chips potentially disrupting the outsourcing market; however, it is expected that around 60% of the market will remain open to third-party vendors by 2030 [2][13] - The competitive landscape is evolving, with Horizon Robotics and Black Sesame primarily competing against Nvidia in the L2+ & above market [14] - The increasing consumer preference for smart driving features is a critical differentiator among OEMs, with over 70% of consumers considering ADAS functionalities important in vehicle purchasing decisions [18][21] Financial Metrics - Horizon Robotics has a market cap of HKD 133.3 billion and an enterprise value of HKD 116.3 billion, with a reported EPS of RMB 0.51 for 2024 [6] - Black Sesame has a market cap of HKD 12 billion and an enterprise value of HKD 10.4 billion, with a reported EPS of RMB 1.20 for 2024 [6] Investment Implications - Horizon Robotics is expected to maintain its technological leadership through significant R&D investments, which will also allow for future expansion into robotics and global markets through joint ventures [8] - Black Sesame's lack of software capabilities and scale may hinder its long-term success, necessitating a strategic shift or additional funding to remain competitive [9] Conclusion - The smart driving chip sector in China is poised for rapid growth, with Horizon Robotics positioned as a leader due to its integrated hardware-software solutions, while Black Sesame faces significant challenges that could impact its market position and financial health [8][9]

1 September 2025 India Strategy Can China & India be allies? Venugopal Garre +65 6326 7643 venugopal.garre@bernsteinsg.com Nikhil Arela +91 226 842 1482 nikhil.arela@bernsteinsg.com There are defining moments in international relations and strategic re-alignments. Is the India China thaw one such moment? Indian PM's first visit to China after 2019 and many of the post-2020 escalatory decisions being reversed give us such hope. But strategically how much potential does this new "friendship" have? We dig in t ...

Huawei introduced an update to its groundbreaking trifold phone on Thursday, iterating on a novel form factor and underscoring its hardware engineering capabilities https://t.co/wBOwZc3hRf ...

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