Group 1 - The article discusses whether individuals renting out properties need to pay value-added tax (VAT) and how to issue invoices [1][2] - For residential properties, individuals are subject to a reduced VAT rate of 1.5% on a standard rate of 5%, calculated as: Tax Payable = Tax-inclusive Sales Amount ÷ (1 + 5%) × 1.5% [1] - For non-residential properties, the VAT is calculated at the standard rate of 5%, using the formula: Tax Payable = Tax-inclusive Sales Amount ÷ (1 + 5%) × 5% [1] Group 2 - From January 1, 2023, to December 31, 2027, individuals receiving rental income through a one-time payment can average the income over the lease period, and if the monthly rental income does not exceed 100,000 yuan, they are exempt from VAT [2] - Individuals can apply to the local tax authority for issuing VAT invoices for rental income [2] - The article references several policy documents from the National Taxation Administration regarding VAT management and exemptions for small-scale taxpayers [2]