Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of bankruptcy systems in minimizing "entrepreneurial loss" and facilitating market clearing, allowing for new equilibrium and providing opportunities for failed entrepreneurs to make a comeback [1][11]. Group 1: Economic Context and Entrepreneurial Spirit - The Central Political Bureau meeting on July 30 highlighted the need to fully mobilize various stakeholders, including entrepreneurs, to enhance market competition through quality products and services [2][3]. - There is a growing demand for innovative and resilient entrepreneurs to drive China's economy forward, especially in the context of global competition and technological advancement [4]. - The current economic landscape presents challenges for many entrepreneurs, particularly in industries facing cyclical downturns and market clearing pressures [5][6]. Group 2: Bankruptcy System and Legal Framework - The article calls for the improvement of the bankruptcy system to ensure that entrepreneurs can bear the consequences of failure within a legal framework, highlighting the need for systematic revisions to the current Bankruptcy Law, which has been in place since 2007 [9]. - The establishment of a personal bankruptcy system is also crucial, with regions like Shenzhen leading the way in developing local regulations that should be expanded and refined [10]. Group 3: Protection of Entrepreneurs - The need for greater attention and protection for entrepreneurs is emphasized, not by shielding them from market pressures, but by creating a market environment with fewer external interferences and more room for error [7][8]. - Recent judicial cases reflect a strengthening of protections for private entrepreneurs, indicating a shift towards safeguarding their legitimate rights and interests [12]. - The overall improvement of bankruptcy and legal protections for entrepreneurs is seen as essential for building a high-level socialist market economy and a robust legal system [13][14].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the need for more outstanding entrepreneurs to drive China's economic advancement, particularly in innovation and market competition [2][3] - The meeting highlights the importance of entrepreneurs in both disruptive innovation and scaling production, indicating that they are essential for stimulating market demand and navigating global trade challenges [3] - There is a recognition of the challenges faced by resilient entrepreneurs, particularly in industries undergoing cyclical downturns and market clearing, which can lead to significant pressure and conflicts [4] Group 2 - The article calls for increased attention and protection for entrepreneurs, advocating for a market environment with fewer external interferences and more room for error [5][6] - It stresses the urgency of improving the bankruptcy system to allow entrepreneurs to bear the consequences of failure within legal limits, with a push for systematic revisions to the current bankruptcy law [6] - The need for a personal bankruptcy system is also highlighted, with successful local implementations in regions like Shenzhen serving as a model for broader application [6] Group 3 - The Supreme People's Court's recent release of cases protecting the rights of private entrepreneurs reflects ongoing efforts to strengthen legal protections for their interests [7] - The article discusses the importance of refining the application of coercive measures against entrepreneurs to ensure their rights are upheld, aligning with fundamental legal principles [7] - Overall, the protection of entrepreneurs and the improvement of the bankruptcy system are seen as integral to the development of a high-level socialist market economy and legal framework [7][8] Group 4 - The article posits that the capabilities of entrepreneurs are not extraordinary but rather belong to ordinary individuals driven by a desire for better living standards and personal value realization [8] - It emphasizes the need to create a fairer market system that accommodates failure, allowing both established and aspiring entrepreneurs to thrive through competition and innovation [8][9] - A conducive environment is deemed essential for entrepreneurs to feel secure, as it fosters their ability to contribute positively to the market [9]

记者丨 黄子潇 编辑丨孙超逸 近日，深圳市破产管理署就《深圳市个人破产信息登记与公示办法（征求意见稿）》（下称 《办法》 ）公开征求意见。 主动公示期限的设置体现了透明度和隐私性的平衡。人民法院裁定免除债务人未清偿债务的， 深圳市破产管理署主动公示个人破产信息的时限为八年，其他个人破产信息的主动公示期限为 一年。公示时限届满后相关个人破产信息将删除。 为确保完整性、准确性、真实性，债务人在执行考察期需定期申报信息。其中，重整、和解债 务人于每月15日前申报上一月度的收入、支出和债务清偿状况，清算债务人于每月15日前申报 上一月度的收入、支出和财产状况。 据悉，个人破产制度的核心在于保护"诚实而不幸"的债务人，而创业创新是45年来推动深 圳特区前行的精神旗帜。 据深圳中院消息，深圳破产法庭负责人表示："《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》施行4年来，我 们以 '鼓励创新、宽容失败、支持重生' 为价值导向，拯救了一批'诚实而不幸'的债务人。"截 至今年6月30日，深圳破产法庭4年来累计受理个人破产申请539件，化解纠纷债务1.93亿元， 其中350名债务人为个体工商户、企业股东或经营者，债务人中创业者群体占比约65%。 ...

2025.05. 21 本文字数：5095，阅读时长大约7分钟 作者 | 第一财经 安然然 近日，"月薪4784元负债2544万余元的女子申请破产""月收入1.2万元负债1.2亿元的退休夫妻申请 破产"两则申请个人破产清算的新闻接连引发热议，让个人破产制度再次成为舆论的焦点。 近年来，随着浙江、江苏探索推进"与个人破产制度功能相当"的个人债务集中清理工作，深圳依据 2021年3月1日起实施的《深圳经济特区个人破产条例》开展个人破产审判试点，个人破产制度作为 优化法治化营商环境的制度性探索，正从区域试点向立法建构迈进。但与此同时，不少人对这项制度 的作用仍有疑虑，对它的接受程度也不高。 早在2006年制定《中华人民共和国企业破产法》时，就曾有人呼吁将个人破产也归入其中。此举并 未成行后，"我国的破产制度只能说是半部破产法"的观点渐增。 近几年，个人破产制度的推行逐渐"破冰"。党中央、国务院在发布的多个重要文件中强调健全破产 制度工作。2018年10月24日，时任最高人民法院院长周强在十三届全国人大常委会第六次会议上作 《人民法院解决"执行难"工作情况的报告》时建议，推动建立个人破产制度，完善现行破产法，畅 通" ...

Core Viewpoint - The personal bankruptcy system in China is still in its exploratory phase, facing public skepticism and legal challenges, despite recent pilot programs in various regions aimed at improving the legal environment for personal debt resolution [1][6][12]. Group 1: Definition and Purpose of Personal Bankruptcy - The personal bankruptcy system allows individuals unable to repay their debts to declare bankruptcy through legal procedures, leading to debt forgiveness and the establishment of rights and obligations during the process [2][7]. - The system aims to protect "honest but unfortunate" debtors, requiring them to honestly declare all assets and financial information [2][7]. Group 2: Current Developments and Pilot Programs - Recent pilot programs in regions like Zhejiang, Jiangsu, and Shenzhen have initiated personal bankruptcy trials, with Shenzhen being the first to implement a dedicated personal bankruptcy regulation [3][4][12]. - As of the end of 2023, Shenzhen courts have received 2,273 personal bankruptcy applications, with 227 cases accepted, indicating a stringent review process [14]. Group 3: Public Concerns and Misunderstandings - Public skepticism about the personal bankruptcy system stems from traditional beliefs about debt repayment, with many fearing it may encourage "debt evasion" [6][9]. - A significant portion of the public (approximately 60%) believes there are misunderstandings about the functions and implications of the bankruptcy system, which hinders its acceptance [6][9]. Group 4: Legal Framework and Challenges - The absence of a national personal bankruptcy law complicates the implementation of the system, with current practices relying on civil execution procedures rather than a formal bankruptcy framework [11][12]. - The need for a comprehensive legal structure is emphasized, with suggestions to amend the existing enterprise bankruptcy law to include personal bankruptcy provisions [12][13]. Group 5: Future Directions and Recommendations - Recommendations include expanding pilot programs to more regions, ensuring local judicial resources are adequate, and establishing a unified credit public platform to enhance trust in the system [13][14]. - Experts suggest a gradual approach to implementing personal bankruptcy laws, focusing on protecting "honest but unfortunate" debtors while preventing abuse of the system [5][12].

Core Viewpoint - The case of a retired couple in Shenzhen applying for personal bankruptcy with a monthly income of 12,000 yuan and debts of 1.2 billion yuan has sparked significant public discussion about the personal bankruptcy system in China [1][2]. Group 1: Public Concerns and Legal Framework - The public is concerned about the potential misuse of the personal bankruptcy system, fearing it may be exploited by "professional debtors" [1][2]. - According to the Shenzhen Economic Special Zone Personal Bankruptcy Regulations, the process for personal bankruptcy cases involves strict procedures, including pre-application counseling, application review, court acceptance, and a three-year observation period before debt discharge [2][3]. - Legal experts emphasize that the personal bankruptcy system is designed to protect honest but unfortunate debtors rather than serve as a means to evade debt [2][3]. Group 2: Need for Public Education and System Improvement - There is a prevailing misunderstanding among the public regarding the personal bankruptcy system, indicating a need for further legal education and awareness [3]. - Shenzhen, as a pioneer in exploring personal bankruptcy systems in China, is encouraged to share valuable experiences with other cities and potentially expand the scope of the system [3].

Core Viewpoint - A retired couple in Shenzhen has applied for personal bankruptcy, declaring a total debt of over 1.2 billion yuan while having a combined monthly income of approximately 12,000 yuan, raising public concerns about potential misuse of the bankruptcy system and the phenomenon of "professional debtors" among the elderly [1][2]. Group 1: Bankruptcy Application Details - The couple, Liu and Niu, aged 63 and 62 respectively, reported a combined debt of approximately 126.89 million yuan, with Liu's debt at about 72.8 million yuan and Niu's at around 54.1 million yuan [2][3]. - Their assets include two properties valued at 4.4 million yuan and four commercial properties valued at 500,000 yuan, along with a vehicle worth 16,000 yuan and bank savings of approximately 64,908 yuan [2][3]. Group 2: Background of Debt - Liu started a business in 1998, which ultimately failed, leading to significant debts owed to banks and suppliers. Both individuals are now retired, with Liu receiving a pension of 4,200 yuan per month and Niu 2,500 yuan, supplemented by rental income and family support [3][4]. Group 3: Bankruptcy Process - The bankruptcy application is currently in the pre-acceptance review stage, which involves a strict process including preliminary discussions, application review, and potential hearings with creditors [5][6][7]. - The court will assess the legitimacy of the debts and the applicants' financial situations to determine if the bankruptcy application meets the criteria set by the Shenzhen personal bankruptcy regulations [6][7]. Group 4: Anti-Fraud Measures - Shenzhen has implemented a personal bankruptcy system aimed at protecting honest debtors while preventing fraudulent claims. The system includes measures to ensure transparency and accountability in the bankruptcy process [8].

【人物】获得信用修复证明书的卫云培 【故事】因资金链意外断裂，在江苏无锡打拼的"包工头"卫云培欠下了30多万元的外债。2018年，他被 两名工友起诉，列入失信被执行人名单。面对巨额债务和信用崩塌的双重打击，他没有逃避，而是和妻 子一起在农贸市场摆摊挣钱，偿还欠款。在锡山区人民法院"类个人破产制度"支持下，他按时完成了清 偿计划，并顺利通过两年信用考验期。前不久，法院向他发放了信用修复证明书，宣告这位曾经的"失 信人"重获信用。 【点评】 也要看到，个人破产制度给诚信履约的债务人创造了重新出发的机会。卫云培之所以得到法律支持和债 权人谅解，正在于其多年如一日守诺践行。让信用修复更加顺畅，还需强化"分级分类管理"原则，区 分"恶意失信"和"非恶意失信"的边界，严格认定"诚实而不幸"的事实。让制度既有力度又有温度，信用 修复才能成为激发人们向善的钥匙，社会信用体系才能更加坚实。 今年1月，卫云培归还了最后一笔欠款，"重担没了，浑身轻松！"贷款开个店，为孩子们攒点钱，拿到 信用修复证明书的他已经开始谋划新生活。截至目前，全国已有超过30个地方法院受理了个人破产案 件，累计免除债务金额超13亿元。信用修复这一制度创新的 ...

然而，不能忽视的是，当前我国个人信用体系尚未健全，相关部门难以查清个人财产状况。不排除一些 人事先恶意借贷并大肆挥霍，尔后通过个人破产而逃避债务。或者一些人通过关联交易让自己背负巨额 债务，让子女或亲朋好友获取巨额收益，然后再通过个人破产制度豁免部分债务。即如果不从严把关， 就会诱发道德风险，产生"赖账得利，诚信受损"的负向激励。让一些职业背债人，职业闭店人等投机者 转移巨额财产，背负巨大债务后，再通过个人破产制度豁免债务，完成对无辜者的收割和财富转移，相 关制度则成了其帮凶。 简单来说，一些投机者为获取个人利益，甘愿为他人背负巨额债务，成为欠下巨债的公司法定代表人， 让真正的"老赖"金蝉脱壳。此时，如果再让这些本就严重破坏诚信的"老赖"和投机者能够通过个人破产 程序洗白，无疑会极大地破坏本就脆弱的诚信体系，让公众对这一制度的合理性产生怀疑。 在经济比较发达和个人参与市场经济较为活跃的背景下，推行个人破产制度并非坏事。现实中，有些人 属于刻意欠账不还的"老赖"，但也有些人对欠债并无太大的主观恶意。如有人因为突发事故或不可抗拒 原因以至于突然欠下大量债务且一时难以清偿；有人因突发的地震、台风导致商品房损毁，但该 ...

Core Viewpoint - A couple in Shenzhen has filed for personal bankruptcy, declaring over 1.2 billion yuan in debt despite a combined monthly income of 12,000 yuan [1][3]. Group 1: Bankruptcy Case Details - The couple, Liu and Niu, are both retired, with Niu reporting a monthly income of 6,528.47 yuan and Liu 6,221.94 yuan [3]. - Niu owns two properties valued at 4.4 million yuan and has a bank balance of 22,096.2 yuan, while Liu has four commercial properties valued at 500,000 yuan, a vehicle worth 16,000 yuan, and a bank balance of 42,811.65 yuan [3]. - The total declared debt amounts to approximately 126.89 million yuan, with Niu's debt at about 54.09 million yuan and Liu's at approximately 72.80 million yuan [3]. Group 2: Legal Framework and Procedures - The Shenzhen Intermediate People's Court has accepted the bankruptcy application, with the case being registered for review on April 8, 2025 [4]. - The personal bankruptcy system in China was initiated with the implementation of the Shenzhen Special Economic Zone Personal Bankruptcy Regulations on March 1, 2021, which includes procedures for bankruptcy liquidation, reorganization, and reconciliation [5]. Group 3: Conditions for Bankruptcy Acceptance - The court outlines specific conditions under which personal bankruptcy applications may be rejected, including the debtor's ability to repay debts and the provision of accurate information regarding the debt [7][12]. - Debtors must demonstrate a loss of repayment ability that is unlikely to recover, and must provide reasonable explanations and documentation for their debts [8][9].