兼并重组已成为中小银行化解风险、推动转型升级的重要路径 文｜杨子荣 李芃辰 近年来，中国中小银行兼并重组的步伐显著加快。据统计，2022年、2023年、2024年，合并或解散的银行（包括工商注销、批复合并、批复解 散等情形）数量分别为43家、77家、204家，而2025年前七个月已有约200家中小银行获准合并或解散。 兼并重组已成为中小银行化解风险、推动转型升级的重要路径。然而，关于中国中小银行兼并重组效果的研究却相对缺乏。本文尝试评估中国 中小银行兼并重组的实际成效，为政府部门在下一阶段更有效地推动银行兼并重组提供有益参考。 中小银行掀起兼并重组潮的动因 纵观历史，美国和日本等经济体皆出现过银行业大范围合并的例子，这是银行业发展的内在规律。当前，中国也正在掀起中小银行兼并重组 潮。概括而言，主要有三大因素推动中国中小银行加速兼并重组。 第一，宏观经济增速放缓，金融风险显现。过去数十年，中国是世界上少数没有发生过系统性金融危机的大型经济体，这在很大程度上得益于 经济的持续高增长。然而，随着中国经济从高速增长阶段逐步过渡到高质量发展阶段，叠加人口老龄化、外部环境日益严峻以及新冠疫情冲击 等因素，中国经济增速显著 ...

Core Viewpoint - The trend of "mergers and restructuring, reduction and quality improvement" has become the main theme of reform for small and medium-sized banks in China, with a significant increase in the number of village banks exiting the market this year [1][4]. Group 1: Mergers and Restructuring - As of July 14, 2023, 90 village banks have appeared on the "exit list," surpassing the total number of village banks that exited last year [1][4]. - The restructuring of small and medium-sized banks is expected to accelerate, leading to a gradual reduction in the number of village banks [2][8]. - Recent cases of mergers include Guizhou Bank's absorption of Tongren Fengyuan Village Bank and Xinjiang Bank's planned merger with Xinjiang Huihe Bank [3][8]. Group 2: Merging Models - The "village reform branch" and "village reform division" models have become mainstream for the integration of small and medium-sized banks, where village banks are absorbed and transformed into branches of larger banks [5][6]. - Over 50 village banks have been merged or restructured in the first half of the year through these models, with participation from regional small banks, joint-stock banks, and even state-owned banks [6][7]. Group 3: Policy and Risk Management - The acceleration of village bank integration is driven by policy initiatives aimed at improving governance and risk management within financial institutions [8]. - The People's Bank of China has highlighted the rising non-performing loan rates among rural commercial banks, which stood at 2.86% in the first quarter, significantly higher than other bank types [8]. Group 4: Quality Improvement - The reduction in the number of small and medium-sized banks is expected to enhance service quality, shifting financial resources from extensive expansion to focused development [9]. - Experts emphasize that the reduction in institutions should not be equated with quality improvement, and village banks must enhance governance, risk control, and digital capabilities for self-reform [9].