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日本中年返贫史
投资界· 2025-08-21 08:18
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the economic struggles faced by Japan's 60s generation, highlighting their transition from being the "luckiest generation" to experiencing significant debt and unemployment issues during their middle age [2][3]. Debt Crisis of the 60s Generation - The 60s generation faced severe debt issues, with average household debt reaching nearly 20 million yen, the highest among all generations at the time [3]. - This debt crisis was largely due to their home purchases coinciding with the peak of the real estate bubble in the 1980s, where land prices surged over 150% [3][4]. - By 1995, over half of the 60s generation households owned homes, but the anticipated rebound in property values never materialized, leading to a 20-year decline in housing prices [5][4]. Employment and Income Challenges - Following the bubble burst, companies struggled with high labor costs, leading to a significant drop in employee salaries starting in 1995, with disposable income for the 60s generation decreasing by nearly 25% [8][9]. - The unemployment rate for middle-aged individuals rose from 1.5% to 3% between the early 1990s and 1998, with many older workers losing their jobs and facing difficulties re-entering the workforce [9][10]. Credit Loan Crisis - The rise of unsecured credit loans became prevalent, with the market growing from 4.5 trillion yen in 1994 to over 10 trillion yen by 2000, primarily used to service existing debts [10][11]. - High-interest rates on these loans, often exceeding 30%, led many families into a cycle of debt, exacerbated by aggressive collection practices [11]. Family and Social Dynamics - The 60s generation also faced a significant increase in divorce rates, with over 2.77 million families divorcing in the decade following 1995, largely due to economic pressures and changing family roles [13][14]. - The traditional family structure, where the husband was the sole breadwinner, became unsustainable, leading to increased tensions and breakdowns in family relationships [14]. Long-term Consequences - By 2022, the average debt for the 60s generation remained around 6 million yen, double that of the previous generation, indicating a lasting impact of the economic turmoil [20]. - The societal perception of this generation shifted from being the "warm spring generation" to the "bubble generation," reflecting their once prosperous lives that turned into prolonged hardship [20].
日本中年返贫史
Hu Xiu· 2025-08-18 05:33
1990年被称为暖春一代的日本60后们踏入了自己的而立之年,由于刚毕业就迎来了80年代泡沫经济的十 年繁荣,因此一度被称为昭和最幸运的一代人。但他们却不曾料想,随着时代的骤然转向,此后的中年 时光要陷入的却是一轮漫长的债务与失业困局。 1990年至2004是日本经济史上最至暗的十五年。而这十五年恰恰也是日本60后们人生中最重要的中年时 期。后来作家三浦展在其著作《下流社会》中,将他们称为走向下流阶层的第一代人。到2010年,厚生 省统计,有142万个60后家庭处于相对贫困线以下,数量上已经接近被称为最惨一代的日本70后。 那么从最幸运到中年贫穷,他们到底经历了什么? 日本60后的债务困境 事实上泡沫破裂后,六零世代遇到的第一个问题便是严峻的债务困境。根据总务省1994年统计,60后家 庭的平均债务接近2000万日元,是当时所有世代中负债金额最高的。那么这一代人为何有如此严重的债 务问题,这是因为他们的结婚买房时点几乎都在房价最高峰时期。 1985年日本进入房地产泡沫化阶段,5年时间全国土地价格上涨超过150%。而与此同时,60后也恰好进 入适婚年龄,此后7年全国总计有530万对新人完成登记,是战后第三次结婚高 ...