Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the investment strategy of "buying primary assets in the secondary market," which is a value investment approach that can yield excess returns by identifying undervalued stocks that exhibit characteristics of primary market investments [2][5]. Group 1: Concept of "Buying Primary Assets in the Secondary Market" - The primary market serves as a "incubation ground" for capital, where investors support companies' growth from inception, while the secondary market acts as a "trading venue" where stock prices can be distorted by emotions and external factors [4][5]. - This strategy involves identifying companies engaged in value-creating activities such as technological research, mergers and acquisitions, and market expansion, but whose stock prices do not yet reflect their long-term value [5][6]. Group 2: Identifying Investment Opportunities - Key indicators for identifying suitable investments include significant asset restructuring, major technological breakthroughs, and the exploration of new business avenues [7]. - Investors should be cautious of "hype-driven" stocks that lack substantial investment in genuine growth initiatives, distinguishing between companies with real financial commitments and those merely riding trends [7]. Group 3: Market Mispricing and Management Insight - Look for stocks with price-to-earnings (PE) ratios below 70% of the industry average or market capitalizations below their replacement costs, as these may indicate mispricing [8]. - Assess management's "primary market thinking" by examining their professional backgrounds and the proportion of shares they hold, with a higher ownership stake (over 30%) suggesting stronger alignment of interests [9]. Group 4: Conclusion and Investment Philosophy - The essence of the primary market is "value discovery," while the secondary market offers opportunities for "price negotiation." The intersection of these two aspects can lead to excess returns [11]. - When observing a company investing heavily in research and development or acquiring assets at low prices while its stock price declines, it may present an opportunity to "buy primary assets in the secondary market" [11].