Group 1 - The core idea of Zhu Xi's philosophy is that the eradication of human desires is not feasible, as desires are inherently linked to external influences and cannot be completely eliminated [1][2][3] - Zhu Xi emphasizes that the concepts of public and private are not mutually exclusive but rather interrelated, with private considerations serving as a foundation for public virtues [2][4] - The notion of "eradicating human desires" is a misinterpretation of Zhu Xi's teachings, which actually advocate for the regulation of desires rather than their complete suppression [3][4] Group 2 - Zhu Xi argues that unrestrained human desires can lead to self-destruction, as they are a form of emotion that must be controlled by natural principles [3][4] - The philosopher highlights the importance of understanding one's inner nature and aligning it with external realities, suggesting that true rationality comes from this alignment [5][6] - Zhu Xi's concept of "learning for oneself" emphasizes the pursuit of inner rationality rather than external gains, advocating for a practical approach to education that aligns with one's inherent nature [5][6]

Core Viewpoint - The article explores the concept of "敬" (respect) in Zhu Xi's philosophy, emphasizing its multifaceted nature and the need for a deeper understanding beyond its modern interpretation [1][2][8]. Group 1: Understanding "敬" - Zhu Xi elevates the concept of "敬" to a fundamental principle in his teachings, stating that it is the essence of the "Saint's teachings" [1]. - The term "敬" traditionally implies respect towards those of higher status or achievement, but Zhu Xi's context challenges this by suggesting respect should also be directed towards "人欲" (human desires) [2]. - In ancient Chinese, "敬" can refer to a variety of subjects, including oneself, adversaries, and even negative entities, indicating a broader application than in modern usage [3][4]. Group 2: Contextual Applications of "敬" - Historical texts illustrate that "敬" can be directed towards potential threats or negative influences, emphasizing the importance of vigilance and caution [4][5]. - The article highlights that "敬" encompasses a range of meanings such as caution, respect, and seriousness, with "认真对待" (seriously regard) being a core interpretation [6][8]. - Zhu Xi's teachings encourage a serious approach to all endeavors, reinforcing the idea that "敬" is about being earnest and attentive in one's actions [7][8].