Core Viewpoint - Childhood obesity has become a global public health challenge, with alarming statistics indicating that approximately 37 million children under the age of five were overweight or obese as of 2022, representing 5.6% of the total population in that age group [6]. Group 1: Causes of Obesity - The traditional view that "obesity stems from energy imbalance" oversimplifies the issue, as childhood obesity results from a complex interplay of multiple factors, including early life factors and lifestyle habits throughout the life cycle [7]. - Factors influencing obesity can be categorized into modifiable factors (like health behaviors), identifiable but non-modifiable factors (like genetic background), causative factors (like caloric intake), and significant risk markers (like birth weight) [7]. - The complexity of obesity arises from the interconnection of individual, socio-cultural, and environmental factors, creating a vicious cycle that necessitates multi-layered, comprehensive solutions [7]. Group 2: Early Life Intervention - The concept of "early life 2000 days" (from pregnancy to age 5) is proposed as a critical window for obesity prevention, emphasizing the importance of this period for metabolic programming and the establishment of healthy behaviors [10][11]. - Proper weight management during pregnancy is crucial, as maternal obesity and gestational diabetes can significantly increase the risk of obesity in offspring [12]. - Optimizing dietary patterns from infancy through childhood is essential, with recommendations to delay the introduction of solid foods until six months and to prioritize healthy food options [13]. Group 3: Gut Microbiome and Obesity - The interaction between gut microbiota and obesity has gained attention, with imbalances in gut microbiota being identified as potential drivers of obesity development [14]. - Early life nutrition and physical activity significantly influence the composition and diversity of gut microbiota, which in turn affects obesity trajectories [14]. Group 4: Multi-Dimensional Interventions - Successful obesity intervention strategies should focus on sustainable behavior change rather than short-term weight loss, requiring collaboration among families, schools, communities, and healthcare systems [15]. - Family-centered interventions have shown to significantly improve children's dietary quality and activity levels, thereby optimizing weight status [15]. - Schools should integrate health education, increase physical activity time, and improve food environments, while communities need to create supportive environments for healthy lifestyles [15]. Group 5: Future Directions - Future obesity prevention efforts will focus on precision interventions tailored to individual genetic backgrounds, gut microbiome characteristics, and family environments [16][17]. - Digital technologies will enhance monitoring and feedback, while systemic changes will require collaboration among policymakers, the food industry, education systems, and healthcare institutions to foster environments that support healthy lifestyles [17].

然而，禁令的实施却面临挑战。《墨西哥日报》称，2024年的一份数据显示，该国98%的学校仍在销售 垃圾食品，95%的学校售卖含糖饮料，79%的学校出售碳酸饮料。 此外，墨西哥许多学校门口都聚集着售卖薯片、糖果的摊贩，且77%的学校报告校外有摊贩出售垃圾食 品，因此如何监管校外垃圾食品销售可能仍是一个难题。儿童治疗专家德莱昂表示："短期内可能很难 全面禁止垃圾食品，但长期来看，这项政策将带来积极的健康效益。" 美联社称，根据墨西哥政府统计，该国1/3的儿童已经被认为超重或肥胖。联合国儿童基金会 （UNICEF）的报告称，墨西哥儿童肥胖问题已进入紧急状态，该国儿童对垃圾食品的消费量堪称拉丁 美洲之最，其日均摄入热量中，有40%来源于此类不健康食品。 【环球时报特约记者 张林枫】美联社30日报道称，为有效遏制儿童超重、肥胖及糖尿病等问题，墨西 哥政府发起的一项在全国学校禁止售卖垃圾食品的禁令于3月29日正式生效。在宣布该禁令成为法律 后，墨西哥公共教育部在社交平台上发文称："再见，垃圾食品！"还鼓励家长支持政府的倡议，为孩子 提供健康膳食。 据报道，垃圾食品禁令源于去年9月底公共教育部和卫生部联合发布的《通用准则》 ...