来源：科技日报 ◎ 科技日报记者 刘霞 人体强大的免疫系统需要精准调控，否则便可能攻击我们自身的器官。美国系统生物学研究所的玛丽· 布伦科（Mary E. Brunkow）、索诺玛生物治疗公司的弗瑞德·拉姆斯德尔（Fred Ramsdell），以及日本 大阪大学的坂口志文（Shimon Sakaguchi），因在"外周免疫耐受"机制方面的突破性发现，共同荣获 2025年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖。他们的研究揭示了免疫系统如何避免攻击自身组织，守护人体健康的深 层奥秘。 调节性T细胞工作艺术图 每一天，我们的身体都面临成千上万微生物的侵袭，而免疫系统正是抵御这些入侵的忠诚卫士。然而， 有些病原体外形多变，甚至能伪装成人体细胞的"模样"，以躲避免疫系统的攻击。那么，免疫系统如何 准确分辨敌我，做到既不放过敌人，也不误伤人体自身组织？ 这三位科学家的答案指向了人体内的"调解员"——调节性T细胞。它能够抑制过度活跃的免疫反应，防 止免疫细胞攻击自身组织。 "他们的发现彻底改变了我们对免疫系统运作机制的理解，解释了为何大多数人不会患上严重的自身免 疫疾病。"诺贝尔奖委员会主席欧莱·卡珀如此评价。 如今，调节性T细胞已被公认为 ...

Core Insights - AnaptysBio's investigational drug rosnilimab shows a best-in-disease profile for treating moderate-to-severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA), demonstrating JAK-like efficacy and durable responses [1][2][3] Efficacy and Clinical Outcomes - In a Phase 2b trial with 424 patients, rosnilimab achieved significant clinical improvements, including low disease activity (LDA) and remission on the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI) [1][2][3] - By Week 12, 45% of patients achieved CDAI LDA, increasing to 69% by Week 14, indicating a strong response to treatment [3][4] - Rosnilimab demonstrated a rapid onset of ACR20 response, comparable to upadacitinib, with a substantial decrease in C-reactive protein (CRP) levels [2][3] Safety and Tolerability - Rosnilimab exhibited a favorable safety profile, with no treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) reported and a low incidence of injection site reactions [10][11] - Less than 2% of patients discontinued treatment due to adverse events, indicating good tolerability [10][11] Market Potential - The findings suggest rosnilimab could capture a significant share of the ~$20 billion U.S. RA market, with potential for extended dosing intervals [2][3] - The company aims to complete ongoing studies for rosnilimab in ulcerative colitis, with initial data expected in Q4 2025 [2][14] Mechanism of Action - Rosnilimab targets PD-1+ T cells, aiming to restore immune homeostasis and reduce inflammation associated with RA [19][21] - The drug demonstrated a ~90% reduction in PD-1 T cells and a ~50% reduction in PD-1+ T cells, indicating robust pharmacological activity [8][19] Future Developments - AnaptysBio plans to advance rosnilimab's clinical development and explore its application in other autoimmune diseases [21][22] - The company is committed to developing innovative treatments that address the long-term needs of patients with chronic inflammatory conditions [21][22]