Core Viewpoint - By December 2025, over 500 national key laboratories have completed restructuring into a new sequence, with nearly 110 "Double First-Class" universities participating in about 80% (nearly 400) of the national key laboratories [1][2]. Group 1: National Key Laboratories Overview - National key laboratories are scientific research and development institutions planned by the state to support the national laboratory system, focusing on major technological innovation areas related to national security and socio-economic development [2]. - The restructuring of the national key laboratory system was first proposed at the Central Economic Work Conference in 2018 and established as a component of national strategic scientific and technological forces in the revised "Science and Technology Progress Law" in 2021 [2]. Group 2: Participation of Universities - The leading or co-building universities for the laboratories are primarily "Double First-Class" universities, indicating a strong involvement of top-tier educational institutions in the research initiatives [1][2]. - Nearly 110 "Double First-Class" universities are involved in the establishment and support of approximately 400 national key laboratories [1][2]. Group 3: List of Key Laboratories - A variety of national key laboratories have been established across different fields, including: - Dark Matter Physics National Key Laboratory led by Shanghai Jiao Tong University [3] - Explosive Science and Safety Protection National Key Laboratory led by Beijing Institute of Technology [3] - Materials Chemistry Engineering National Key Laboratory led by Nanjing University of Technology [3] - The list includes laboratories focusing on diverse areas such as intelligent transportation, infectious disease research, and advanced manufacturing technologies [3][4][5].

Core Viewpoint - Nearly 500 national key laboratories have been approved or restructured, primarily led or participated in by "Double First Class" universities, with around 110 such universities involved in approximately 80% of these laboratories [1][2]. Summary by Sections Overview of National Key Laboratories - As of July 20, 2025, close to 500 national key laboratories have been established or restructured, with a significant majority led by "Double First Class" universities [2]. - Approximately 110 "Double First Class" universities are involved in the establishment or co-construction of nearly 400 national key laboratories, representing about 80% of the total [2]. List of National Key Laboratories - A detailed list of national key laboratories includes various fields such as artificial intelligence, drug development, and environmental protection, with notable institutions like Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University leading many of these initiatives [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Notable Institutions and Their Contributions - Tsinghua University, Peking University, and Shanghai Jiao Tong University are highlighted for their significant contributions to the number of approved key laboratories [2][3]. - Various universities and research institutes are collaborating on specialized laboratories focusing on areas such as renewable energy, advanced manufacturing, and medical research [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. Implications for Research and Development - The establishment of these laboratories is expected to enhance research capabilities and foster innovation across multiple sectors, including technology, healthcare, and environmental science [2][3][4]. - The collaboration between universities and industries in these laboratories indicates a strong commitment to advancing scientific research and practical applications [5][6][7].