Core Viewpoint - China's involvement in Indonesia's energy transition is deepening as Western partners fail to fulfill their commitments, but this business model may carry risks related to regulatory and environmental measures [5][6]. Group 1: Energy Transition Partnership - In 2022, an international alliance led by Western countries, including Japan, initiated the "Just Energy Transition Partnership" (JETP) to help Indonesia reduce its reliance on coal, promising a total of $20 billion in funding, which includes grants, low-interest loans, and private financing. However, only $1.2 billion has been disbursed to date [6]. - The early promoter of JETP, the United States, quietly withdrew in March 2025, leaving Germany and Japan to coordinate the efforts [7]. Group 2: China's Role in Indonesia - Chinese companies are increasingly participating in Indonesia's green energy value chain, engaging in projects such as photovoltaics, hydropower, and electric vehicle assembly, often supported by national financing and progressing rapidly [7].

Group 1 - The article highlights the contrast between the slow progress of Western financing for Indonesia's energy transition and the rapid expansion of Chinese investments in the country's green energy sector [1][2][3] - The "Just Energy Transition Partnership" (JETP) proposed by Western countries, which promised $20 billion to help Indonesia reduce its reliance on coal, has only seen $1.2 billion disbursed so far, with the U.S. withdrawing its support [1][2] - Chinese companies are actively participating in Indonesia's green energy projects, including solar, hydropower, and electric vehicle manufacturing, often supported by national financing and expedited plans [1][2][3] Group 2 - A report from the Lowy Institute indicates that Western commitments to support Southeast Asia's clean energy transition have not translated into more on-the-ground projects, while Chinese development financing in the region increased by $1.6 billion to $4.9 billion from 2022 to 2023 [2] - China's infrastructure investment in Southeast Asia has nearly tripled in one year, reaching almost $10 billion in 2023, contrasting with a reduction of over $2 billion in official development financing from the U.S., EU, and UK [2] - Indonesia's government is increasingly favoring Chinese investments, as they perceive faster action and tangible results compared to the bureaucratic delays associated with JETP [3]