Core Viewpoint - The costs of tariffs and trade barriers are ultimately borne by consumers, which can hinder innovation in the automotive industry [4]. Group 1: Tariffs and Trade Barriers - The automotive industry is highly complex, involving around 100,000 parts and requiring timely delivery from thousands of suppliers, making tariffs detrimental to trade [3]. - The U.S. has increased tariffs on certain Chinese goods, including raising the import tariff on electric vehicles from 25% to 100% and on lithium-ion batteries from 7.5% to 25% [3]. - Starting November 1, 2025, a 25% tariff will be imposed on all medium and heavy trucks imported into the U.S. from other countries, further increasing costs for consumers [4]. Group 2: Globalization of the Automotive Industry - The rapid transformation of Chinese automotive companies has led to significant achievements in internationalization, but true globalization remains a challenge [5]. - Andy Palmer emphasizes the need for global cooperation in the automotive sector, arguing that increasing tariffs is counterproductive [2].