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养老金制度改革
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奥地利养老改革面临制度攻坚战
Jing Ji Ri Bao· 2025-08-03 21:56
Core Viewpoint - Austria is facing a pension crisis due to structural demographic changes, rising fiscal deficits, and increasing pension expenditures, which are projected to reach €40 billion by 2029, accounting for one-third of the national budget [1][2]. Group 1: Pension System Challenges - The main challenges to Austria's pension system include rising fiscal subsidies, a shrinking labor force, and a rapidly growing retired population, leading to unsustainable pension expenditures [1]. - By 2025, the population aged 65 and above is expected to constitute 20.2% of the total population, with projections indicating it could rise to nearly 27% by 2040 [2]. - The current pay-as-you-go pension system is under strain due to an imbalance between contributors and beneficiaries, exacerbated by early retirement trends [2]. Group 2: Government Reform Efforts - The Austrian government is attempting to reform the pension system by gradually raising the retirement age for women to 65 by 2033 and providing incentives for delayed retirement, with annual pension increases of up to 15.3% [3]. - Initiatives include the introduction of the "Blue Card+" immigration program to attract skilled labor, particularly in engineering, IT, and healthcare, which could enhance pension contribution revenues [3]. - The government aims to expand the pension funding pool by promoting second and third pillar pension schemes through tax incentives and financial support for businesses [3]. Group 3: Societal and Political Considerations - The reform efforts face challenges due to the limited disposable income of the majority middle and low-income population, which hampers their ability to increase pension contributions [4]. - There is a lack of financial literacy regarding pension products among the public, making it difficult to establish a multi-pillar pension system [4]. - The pension reform is not only a matter of policy but also involves navigating political resistance and gaining public support amid rising political extremism in Europe [4].
【环球财经】巴西前财长警告财政“崩溃边缘”
Xin Hua Cai Jing· 2025-06-23 03:21
Core Viewpoint - Brazil is facing a significant risk of fiscal crisis due to rising budget deficits, with former Finance Minister Maílson da Nóbrega warning that the country has "signed a contract for fiscal crisis" if structural reforms are not implemented promptly [1][2]. Fiscal Situation - Over 90% of Brazil's federal budget is locked into fixed expenditures, leaving less than 4% available for discretionary spending [1]. - If the rigid budget trend continues, there could be a "government shutdown-style fiscal collapse" by 2027 [1]. Structural Issues - The key reason for the budget imbalance is the mandatory spending obligations set by the 1988 Constitution, which restricts the government's ability to freeze or cut budgets [1]. - In comparison, most countries have about 50% of their fiscal space available for discretionary arrangements, with the U.S. reaching 70%, while Brazil's is only 4% [1]. Government Response - Recent discussions between Finance Minister Fernando Haddad and congressional leaders were disappointing, offering only "fragmented and shortsighted" suggestions without addressing fundamental issues [1][2]. - Nóbrega suggests that the government should quickly advance a new round of pension reforms and eliminate the linkage between minimum wage and retirement benefits [2]. Economic Outlook - Nóbrega emphasizes the need for Brazil to exit its current "fiscal convalescence" state and rebuild rational, sustainable budget rules to enhance market confidence and stimulate investment and productivity growth [2]. - Without improving total factor productivity, Brazil will struggle to return to a path of sustained growth and achieving wealth [2].
波黑联邦拟对养老金制度进行重大改革
Shang Wu Bu Wang Zhan· 2025-06-11 15:57
Group 1 - The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina is preparing pension reforms to implement a tiered pension distribution system based on individual work experience [1] - The Minister of Labor and Social Policy, Adnan Delić, highlighted challenges such as population aging, a decreasing eligible workforce, and increasing pressure on the sustainability of the pension system [1] - The current law provides a minimum pension of 599.28 marks for all eligible recipients, regardless of their work experience, which Delić argues is unfair and lacks incentive [1] Group 2 - The proposed reforms aim to create a fairer pension distribution system by recognizing differences in work experience [1] - A similar tiered minimum pension system is already in use in some regions of Bosnia, such as the Republika Srpska, where the minimum pension was increased by 6% compared to the previous year [2]
日本政府敲定养老金制度改革法案
news flash· 2025-05-16 08:42
Core Points - The Japanese government has finalized a pension system reform bill aimed at expanding the inclusion of part-time workers in the Employees' Pension Insurance [1] - The bill abolishes the annual income threshold of 1.06 million yen (approximately 50,000 RMB) for part-time workers to join the pension system, which is expected to increase future pension payouts [1] - Many part-time workers have previously limited their working hours to avoid paying premiums, which has implications for small and medium-sized enterprises that share the premium burden [1] - The reform also includes provisions for increasing pension payments to older workers and raising premiums for high-income earners [1]