Core Viewpoint - The research highlights the potential of genetically engineered human mesenchymal progenitor cells (SRC) to counteract aging in primates, suggesting a new paradigm for anti-aging cell therapy [2][12]. Group 1: Aging Mechanism and Cell Therapy - The study investigates the mechanisms of aging regulation and employs synthetic biology to reprogram longevity gene pathways, successfully creating SRC with triple resistance to aging, stress, and malignant transformation [3][7]. - SRC cells exhibit significant anti-aging activity and strong environmental adaptability, while also demonstrating excellent safety features to avoid tumorigenic risks post-transplantation [8]. Group 2: Experimental Results - In a 44-week trial involving elderly crab-eating macaques (equivalent to 60-70 years in human age), SRC therapy resulted in reduced systemic aging indicators, such as cellular senescence, chronic inflammation, and tissue degeneration, with no adverse reactions detected [10]. - Notably, SRC treatment improved brain structure and cognitive function, reversing the biological age of immature neurons by 6-7 years and oocytes by 5 years, as confirmed by machine learning-based aging clock analysis [10]. Group 3: Mechanism of Action - The restorative effects of SRC are partially attributed to their exosomes, which play a crucial role in promoting cellular rejuvenation, inhibiting chronic inflammation, and maintaining genomic and epigenomic stability, providing new insights into pathways for delaying systemic aging [10].