船时2026年1月25日4时许，"雪龙"号无人机抛下的锚钩成功捕获"锚碇式潜标观测系统"（俗称潜标）缆 绳。 船时2026年1月26日凌晨，"雪龙"号大洋队队员曾定勇（中）与队友韩哲一（右）、宋德海正在连接潜 标上的观测仪器。 在位于西南极的阿蒙森海冰间湖，中国第42次南极考察队"雪龙"号大洋队在波涛、浮冰与迷雾中，开展 海洋化学、海洋生物等多学科研究。 捕捉对流信号：观测冰间湖底层水的生成过程 冰间湖是驱动全球洋流循环的"引擎"之一。 在冬季，冰间湖表层不断形成的低温、高盐海水受重力作用下沉，形成被称为"南极底层水"的寒冷水 团，仿佛一条巨型"传送带"，把大气和海洋表层的碳等物质源源不断输运至深海，调节着全球气候和海 洋生态系统。 "雪龙"号大洋队队长、自然资源部第二海洋研究所副研究员张海峰向记者介绍，冰间湖主要有潜热型和 感热型两类。前者由来自南极大陆的"下降风"吹走海冰形成，后者则由海洋深处上涌的暖流融化海冰形 成。 2025 年，中国第41次南极考察队在罗斯海秋冬季联合航次中成功捕捉到冰间湖区域强烈的海水垂直对 流信号，观测了底层水生成的关键过程。 而到了春季，由于没有海冰遮挡，极昼充足的阳光给冰间湖 ...

Group 1 - The article discusses the significance of Antarctic ice lakes, which are key areas for polar ocean science research, particularly in the Amundsen Sea [1] - Ice lakes are crucial for global ocean circulation, as they generate Antarctic Bottom Water, which transports carbon and other materials from the atmosphere and surface ocean to the deep sea, thus regulating global climate and marine ecosystems [2] - The Chinese 41st Antarctic Expedition successfully captured strong vertical convection signals in the ice lake area, observing key processes in the formation of bottom water [2] Group 2 - The article highlights the use of a specialized mooring system, known as a "subsurface mooring," which allows for continuous observation of various water layers, collecting data on temperature, salinity, and flow speed [3] - The deployment of sediment traps since 2003 has focused on studying the carbon sink mechanisms of ice lakes, revealing the contribution of algae to carbon output and providing important references for assessing the Southern Ocean's carbon sink capacity [5] - The research aims to enhance understanding of the carbon pump mechanism of the ocean, which plays a significant role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere [4][5]

Core Insights - The article highlights the achievements of China's 41st Antarctic expedition aboard the "Xuelong 2" ship, emphasizing the significance of polar marine research and the advancements in clean energy systems at the newly established Qinling Station [1][4][10]. Group 1: Antarctic Expedition Achievements - The "Xuelong 2" ship completed a record-long journey of over 80,000 nautical miles, marking the longest expedition in China's polar exploration history [1]. - The expedition successfully established the Qinling Station, which features a new energy system that can achieve over 60% clean energy usage, saving over 100 tons of fossil fuel annually [4][5]. - The team conducted the first autumn scientific survey in the Southern Ocean, completing 24 comprehensive marine investigation stations and collecting over 5,000 samples [5][7]. Group 2: Environmental and Biological Discoveries - The expedition discovered significant biological activity in the "ice-interstitial lakes," which are crucial for the survival of plankton during winter [7]. - New microbial species were identified, including six new genera and seven new species of Antarctic bacteria, indicating potential for future medical and cosmetic applications [8]. - The expedition retrieved sediment cores from the Amundsen Sea, preserving geological history that could inform about Earth's climate evolution over thousands to millions of years [10]. Group 3: Broader Implications - The findings underscore the interconnectedness of human life and polar ecosystems, highlighting the importance of understanding and protecting polar regions in the context of global climate change [10][11].