Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the increasing prevalence of obesity in China, emphasizing the need for effective weight management strategies in response to the "Healthy China 2030" initiative [1][4]. Summary by Sections Obesity Prevalence - A recent study reveals that among 15.8 million adult participants, 34.8% are overweight (BMI 24-28 kg/m²) and 14.1% are obese (BMI ≥28 kg/m²) [5]. Age and Gender Differences - Obesity rates show significant gender differences, with 41.1% of men being overweight compared to 27.7% of women, and 18.2% of men being obese versus 9.4% of women [6]. - The peak age for overweight men is between 50-54 years, while for women it is 65-69 years. The highest obesity rates for men occur at 35-39 years, while for women it peaks at 70-74 years [6]. Geographic Disparities - Individuals in northern China are more prone to obesity than those in the south, with Inner Mongolia, Shandong, and Hebei showing the highest rates of overweight and obesity [8]. Comorbidities Associated with Obesity - Nearly 90% of obese individuals have comorbidities, with the most common being fatty liver (34.9%), prediabetes (27.6%), dyslipidemia (24.9%), and hypertension (17.6%) [9]. - The likelihood of having comorbidities increases with higher BMI, indicating a direct correlation between weight and health issues [10]. Trends in Younger Populations - The report indicates a rising trend in overweight and obesity rates among younger populations, stressing the importance of self-discipline in maintaining a healthy lifestyle [11]. Effective Weight Management Strategies - Recommendations for effective weight management include maintaining a balanced diet, engaging in regular physical activity, monitoring weight regularly, managing hunger, and adopting a gradual approach to weight loss [12][15][18][20][21]. - The World Health Organization suggests a weight loss target of 0.5-1 kg per week to ensure health and sustainability [22].

Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the article emphasizes the negative impact of excessive body fat on brain health, linking obesity to cognitive decline and brain atrophy [1][12][14] - A recent study published in the journal Nature Mental Health indicates that long-term obesity can lead to significant changes in brain structure and function, particularly affecting higher cognitive functions [1][12][9] - The study involved over 50,000 participants from the UK Biobank, with an average follow-up of 9.4 years, revealing that increased obesity correlates with progressive brain changes [9][12] Group 2 - Experts highlight that visceral fat accumulation is particularly harmful, with studies showing that an increase of 0.27 kg of visceral fat can age cognitive function by 0.7 years [4][12] - The article discusses the importance of distinguishing between different types of fat, noting that subcutaneous fat has protective roles, while visceral fat poses significant health risks [5][7] - The article suggests that even individuals with a normal BMI can have excessive visceral fat, indicating the need for comprehensive assessments beyond BMI alone [21][12] Group 3 - The article outlines a two-step approach for weight loss, emphasizing the need to first reduce overall weight before targeting fat loss, particularly visceral fat [22][21] - Recommendations for weight loss include dietary adjustments, increasing physical activity, and gradually incorporating resistance training [24][26] - The article stresses the importance of maintaining a balanced approach to weight loss, avoiding drastic changes that could negatively impact health [25][26]