一、储能电源概念： 储能电源，英文为"Energy Storage Power Supply"，是一种集电能采集、转换、存储、释放为一体的复合型供电系统，主要用于实现电能的削峰 填谷、动态调节、应急供电与能源独立管理。储能电源通过电池模组（如磷酸铁锂电池、钛酸锂电池等）将电能储存，并在需要时稳定输出直 流或交流电，为负载提供连续、可靠的供电保障。 1. 电池容量范围： 从3kWh~10MWh不等，家用型储能电源多在5~20kWh之间，而大型工商业储能电源系统可扩展至MWh级别，如一个标准 40尺集装箱储能电源可达2MWh。 2. 输出电压等级： 常见DC输出为48V、96V、384V，交流输出为单相220V或三相380V，支持市电直切或离网运行。 3. 输出功率： 小型便携式储能电源一般为500W~3000W，适用于户外应急和野营；大型储能电源系统可达50kW、100kW、500kW以上，满足 工业厂房、数据中心等持续高负载需求。 二、储能电源技术性能与核心指标： 一套高性能的储能电源系统，通常具备以下核心技术参数： 4. 电池循环寿命： 储能电源采用磷酸铁锂电池的储能电源循环寿命达6000次以上（80%DO ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of zero-carbon parks faces significant challenges, including conflicts between traditional centralized energy systems and emerging distributed energy systems, which hinder the effective implementation of zero-carbon initiatives [1][2]. Group 1: Zero-Carbon Park Characteristics - Zero-carbon parks are fundamentally based on distributed energy systems, which are essential units in the energy transition process [2]. - The future energy system architecture should prioritize distributed energy systems while incorporating centralized systems as a supplementary component [2]. - The traditional large energy system is characterized by regulatory frameworks that ensure fair access for users, but innovations that reduce energy sales can disrupt the recovery of fixed network costs [2]. Group 2: Global Trends and Cost Dynamics - There is no official definition for "zero-carbon parks," but common goals include achieving net-zero greenhouse gas emissions through various methods such as energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy utilization [3]. - The construction conditions for zero-carbon parks in China are becoming increasingly mature, evidenced by significant reductions in renewable energy production costs. For instance, the levelized cost of solar photovoltaic power is projected to drop from 0.90 yuan/kWh in 2014 to around 0.20 yuan/kWh by 2024, a decrease of 78% [3]. - Onshore wind power costs are also declining, from 0.55 yuan/kWh to approximately 0.18 yuan/kWh, a reduction of 67% [3]. Group 3: Opportunities for Low-Carbon Transition - During the 14th Five-Year Plan period, the construction of zero-carbon parks will be a key focus for local governments in promoting low-carbon transitions [4]. - Local governments are seen as the primary agents of reform, as they have the authority to implement mechanisms that facilitate the development of distributed energy systems [4]. - Zero-carbon parks present an opportunity for localities to leverage distributed energy systems to drive industrial low-carbon transitions and create synergies between low-carbon energy, industry, and the economy [4]. Group 4: Recommendations for Development - A shift in mindset is necessary to understand zero-carbon park construction through the lens of energy system transformation rather than traditional project-based thinking [5]. - Integrating energy system transformation logic into electricity system reforms is crucial, including adjustments to electricity pricing structures to reduce reliance on sales volume [5]. - Accelerating the reform of heating systems within zero-carbon parks is essential, as achieving zero-carbon heating supply is more feasible than in electricity, which could significantly impact traditional heating utility business models [5]. Group 5: Balancing Interests - The reform and innovation of mechanisms for zero-carbon parks must seek a balance between the interests of large and small energy systems, which poses a significant challenge for local governments [6].