Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the significance of the 2025 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences awarded to Joel Mokyr, Philippe Aghion, and Peter Howitt for their contributions to understanding the mechanisms of innovation-driven economic growth, highlighting the need for tax reform in the context of the digital economy and structural changes in the global economy [4][12]. Group 1: Innovation and Economic Growth - The article emphasizes that the current global economy is undergoing a profound structural transformation, driven by technological advancements in fields such as artificial intelligence and biotechnology, while facing challenges from de-globalization and geopolitical conflicts [4][12]. - The Nobel laureates' research reveals that innovation is not merely an external factor but an intrinsic driver of economic growth, challenging traditional economic paradigms [6][11]. - Mokyr's work highlights the importance of cultural and institutional factors in fostering innovation, suggesting that the Enlightenment period created a conducive environment for knowledge sharing and technological advancement [7][12]. Group 2: Theoretical Contributions - Aghion and Howitt's mathematical modeling of "creative destruction" provides a framework for understanding the dynamic process of innovation and its dual nature of incentivizing investment while potentially leading to over-competition [8][9]. - Their model illustrates the externalities of innovation, arguing that the social value of innovation often exceeds its private value, which justifies government intervention through subsidies and tax policies [9][10]. - The research indicates that innovation can lead to cyclical economic fluctuations, suggesting that while it is a source of growth, it can also result in periods of economic downturn [10][11]. Group 3: Policy Implications - The article stresses the need for a balanced policy approach to address the complexities of sustainable growth, emphasizing that technological progress must be aligned with institutional frameworks to mitigate issues like environmental degradation and social inequality [12][13]. - It warns that the current global economic landscape poses significant risks to innovation-driven growth, necessitating the maintenance of open knowledge networks and competitive market structures to sustain economic dynamism [13].

来源：经济学家圈 2025年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者的贡献及其对我国发展新质生产力的启示 龚六堂 武汉大学高级研究中心 北京大学数量经济与数理金融教育部重点实验室 2025年瑞典皇家科学院宣布，将诺贝尔经济学奖授予乔尔·莫基尔（Joel Mokyr）、菲利普·阿吉翁（Philippe Aghion）和彼得·豪伊特（Peter Howitt），以表 彰他们"阐明了创新驱动的经济增长机制，为理解现代经济繁荣提供了新的理论基础"。这是继2018年授予Paul Romer后再一次授予"增长与创新"这一主 题，表明了诺贝尔经济学奖的重视，也反映出世界经济在经历科技革命、地缘冲突与结构转型之后，对创新与制度动力的新关注。 三位学者的研究共同勾勒出一个宏大的问题：经济增长的持续性从何而来？Mokyr以经济史视角揭示了人类社会技术进步与知识积累的深层逻辑，强调文 化、制度与科学精神对技术扩散的重要作用；Aghion与Howitt则在理论上继承并发展了熊彼特的"创造性破坏"思想，通过建立内生增长模型，解释了创新 如何在竞争中不断替代旧技术、推动生产率提升。他们的工作使经济学能够系统分析创新、竞争、制度与政策之间的互动关系，从而把" ...