Core Viewpoint - The author Charles Mann argues that globalization is an inevitable historical result driven by multiple factors, and that economic decoupling and trade disruptions cannot reverse the established reality of globalization [1]. Group 1: Historical Context of Globalization - The rise of the Ottoman Empire in the mid-15th century disrupted traditional trade routes between Europe and Asia, prompting Europeans to seek new maritime trade routes, leading to Columbus's accidental discovery of the Americas [2]. - The moment Europeans set foot in the Americas marked the beginning of globalization, with immediate effects such as the exchange of species, notably the introduction of crops like potatoes and tobacco to Europe, which significantly altered local diets and social customs [3]. Group 2: Impact on China and Global Trade - China was also influenced by globalization, with crops like sweet potatoes, corn, and chili peppers spreading from coastal regions to inland areas, becoming staples in local diets [4]. - The demand for luxury goods such as porcelain, silk, and tea from China led to an influx of silver, which became a crucial currency in the late Ming Dynasty, although a subsequent silver shortage was exacerbated by global events [4]. Group 3: Modern Globalization Dynamics - Globalization has evolved from its tumultuous beginnings to a more peaceful phase characterized by multinational trade, cultural exchange, and international cooperation on key issues like climate change, leading to a "homogeneous world" where humanity forms a community of shared destiny [5]. - Despite recent setbacks in economic globalization due to rising unilateralism and protectionism, the overall trend since the turn of the millennium has been a steady increase in global wealth, benefiting many countries and regions [5]. Group 4: Socioeconomic Implications - The prosperity and stability of the world cannot be built on the foundation of increasing inequality; those who reject globalization risk being left behind [6].