经济日报记者 梁桐 日前，联合国贸发会议发布《全球贸易更新》报告，指出贸易政策变化正在重塑全球出口竞争格 局，尤其是美国最近的关税变化使得市场准入更加严格且不均衡，改变了出口商之间的竞争态势。 贸易措施变化深刻影响出口商竞争力。报告指出，关税调整、区域贸易协定和优惠计划等贸易措施 改变了国内外市场的需求条件和相对价格，影响了国家和企业的竞争地位，尤其是美国贸易措施的规模 和方向，对出口商在美国市场上的竞争力产生了显著影响。关税增加直接提高了进口商品的成本，使得 这些商品在国内市场上的价格上升，降低了其竞争力，当某国对特定商品实施高关税时，进口商可能会 转向从其他关税较低的国家进口，从而改变贸易流向。报告举例指出，由于美国对南非葡萄酒的关税大 幅上升，南非葡萄酒在美国市场上的价格相对其他葡萄酒出口国贵了约17个百分点，导致其竞争力显著 下降。同期，美国从意大利进口的大米关税降低，使得意大利大米在美国市场上的价格相对下降，增强 了其竞争力。 另外，区域贸易协定与优惠计划的深化和扩展可能进一步重塑全球贸易格局，促进区域内贸易自由 化，同时对非成员国构成竞争压力。非均匀的关税调整可能改变全球价值链的配置。高关税可能阻 ...

政策环境和竞争力变动影响贸易规律。报告指出，分化的关税变化及其导致的出口竞争力变动，将对国 际贸易规律产生直观影响。其中，美国等主要经济体的关税结构正从相对统一向差异化转变。例如，美 国平均适用关税上升了近15个百分点，且不同供应商之间的关税差异显著扩大。这种趋势可能导致全球 贸易流向的重新分配，进口商倾向于从关税较低的国家采购商品，从而改变传统贸易模式。 日前，联合国贸发会议发布《全球贸易更新》报告，指出贸易政策变化正在重塑全球出口竞争格局，尤 其是美国最近的关税变化使得市场准入更加严格且不均衡，改变了出口商之间的竞争态势。 另外，区域贸易协定与优惠计划的深化和扩展可能进一步重塑全球贸易格局，促进区域内贸易自由化， 同时对非成员国构成竞争压力。非均匀的关税调整可能改变全球价值链的配置。高关税可能阻碍中间产 品的进口，促使企业将生产环节转移至关税较低的国家，从而影响全球生产网络的布局。 贸易措施变化深刻影响出口商竞争力。报告指出，关税调整、区域贸易协定和优惠计划等贸易措施改变 了国内外市场的需求条件和相对价格，影响了国家和企业的竞争地位，尤其是美国贸易措施的规模和方 向，对出口商在美国市场上的竞争力产生了显著 ...

在南非约翰内斯堡生鲜产品市场，工作人员使用叉车将核果运往货车。（新华社发） 日前，联合国贸发会议发布《全球贸易更新》报告，指出贸易政策变化正在重塑全球出口竞争格局，尤其是 美国最近的关税变化使得市场准入更加严格且不均衡，改变了出口商之间的竞争态势。 贸易措施变化深刻影响出口商竞争力。报告指出，关税调整、区域贸易协定和优惠计划等贸易措施改变了国 内外市场的需求条件和相对价格，影响了国家和企业的竞争地位，尤其是美国贸易措施的规模和方向，对出 口商在美国市场上的竞争力产生了显著影响。关税增加直接提高了进口商品的成本，使得这些商品在国内市 场上的价格上升，降低了其竞争力，当某国对特定商品实施高关税时，进口商可能会转向从其他关税较低的 国家进口，从而改变贸易流向。报告举例指出，由于美国对南非葡萄酒的关税大幅上升，南非葡萄酒在美国 市场上的价格相对其他葡萄酒出口国贵了约17个百分点，导致其竞争力显著下降。同期，美国从意大利进口 的大米关税降低，使得意大利大米在美国市场上的价格相对下降，增强了其竞争力。 区域贸易协定通常包含关税减免条款，使得成员国之间的商品贸易更加自由，降低了交易成本。区域贸易协 定还往往包括统一的技术标 ...

经营范围含食用菌种植；食用农产品零售；食用农产品初加工；薯类种植；豆类种植；蔬菜种植；烟草 种植；谷物种植；初级农产品收购；粮食收购；粮油仓储服务；豆及薯类销售；谷物销售；农副产品销 售；农产品的生产、销售、加工、运输、贮藏及其他相关服务；农业机械服务；农作物栽培服务；农作 物收割服务；农作物秸秆处理及加工利用服务；智能农业管理；农业专业及辅助性活动；农业科学研究 和试验发展；农业生产资料的购买、使用；化肥销售；肥料销售；农用薄膜销售；农作物种子经营（仅 限不再分装的包装种子）；非主要农作物种子生产；水果种植；棉花种植；花卉种植（除依法须经批准 的项目外，凭营业执照依法自主开展经营活动）许可项目：食用菌菌种经营；农药零售；农作物种子经 营（依法须经批准的项目，经相关部门批准后方可开展经营活动，具体经营项目以相关部门批准文件或 许可证件为准） 企业名称许昌宏美现代农业种植有限公司法定代表人张国保注册资本200万人民币国标行业农、林、 牧、渔业>农、林、牧、渔专业及辅助性活动>农业专业及辅助性活动地址河南省许昌市襄城县王洛镇 东村859号企业类型其他有限责任公司营业期限2026-2-25至无固定期限登记机关襄城县 ...

Core Insights - Zimbabwe achieved a trade surplus of $240.2 million in December 2025, marking a 163.8% increase from November, driven by increased exports of minerals and agricultural products such as gold, tobacco, and nickel [1] Export and Import Summary - December exports reached $1.142 billion, reflecting a month-on-month growth of 9.1%, while imports totaled $901.5 million, primarily consisting of fuel, machinery, grains, and vehicles [1] - Cumulative export revenue from January to November 2025 amounted to $8.57 billion, representing a year-on-year growth of 27%, indicating a sustained increase in export momentum [1] - The UAE, South Africa, and China are the main export markets, collectively accounting for nearly 90% of Zimbabwe's export revenue [1]

Core Viewpoint - The Guangdong Provincial Public Security Department is intensifying efforts to combat tobacco-related crimes, focusing on smuggling and counterfeit production, with significant increases in case resolutions and seized quantities of smuggled tobacco [1][2]. Group 1: Crime Statistics - In 2025, the number of resolved tobacco-related crime cases in Guangdong Province increased by 39.89% year-on-year [1] - The quantity of seized smuggled tobacco rose by 87.04% compared to the previous year [1] Group 2: Law Enforcement Strategies - The establishment of the "Yuejian Special Task Force" by the provincial police to maintain a high-pressure crackdown on tobacco-related crimes [1] - Implementation of a new policing model that combines technology, mechanisms, and big data for real-time monitoring of suspicious vessels and vehicles in key maritime and land areas [1] Group 3: Comprehensive Governance - Emphasis on a full-chain crackdown and cross-regional collaboration to extend enforcement efforts beyond provincial borders and into international waters [1] - Ongoing rectification efforts linked to key smuggling cases to ensure accountability in transportation, storage, and sales [1]

Core Viewpoint - The traditional tobacco and alcohol retail industry in China is facing a significant decline, with a projected 19% reduction in the number of tobacco shops by 2025, equating to the closure of approximately 320,000 stores annually, and over 1.3 million closures in the past five years [2][12]. Industry Overview - Tobacco shops were once considered a stable business, with high demand for tobacco licenses and substantial profits, often exceeding 50,000 yuan per month even with low foot traffic [4][9]. - The industry thrived on B2B sales, primarily through corporate orders, which accounted for over 60% of sales in many shops [7][9]. Market Changes - The decline in tobacco shops is attributed to changing consumer preferences, particularly among younger generations who are moving away from traditional drinking and smoking cultures [16][34]. - The introduction of strict regulations, such as the 2025 alcohol ban, has severely impacted business, leading to a drastic reduction in corporate orders [10][11]. Competitive Landscape - The rise of large chain liquor stores and direct sales from alcohol manufacturers has further squeezed the profit margins of traditional tobacco shops, with many owners reporting profit margins below 10% [17][19]. - Consumers are increasingly using tobacco shops as showrooms before purchasing online, diminishing the traditional retail model [21]. Adaptation Strategies - Some tobacco shop owners are pivoting to meet the demands of younger consumers by offering lower-priced, everyday alcohol options and diversifying their product offerings to include snacks and beverages [26][30]. - Innovative strategies include leveraging social media for marketing, creating community engagement through services like package delivery, and transforming shops into lifestyle venues [28][30]. Industry Trends - The decline of tobacco shops reflects broader trends in various industries, with significant closures in pharmacies, eyewear stores, and beauty brands, indicating a shift in consumer behavior and market dynamics [31][32]. - The survival of tobacco shops will depend on their ability to adapt to changing consumer preferences and embrace new business models [34].

Core Insights - The Cuban government has announced an annual investment plan totaling 1.74 trillion pesos to address urgent economic and social development needs [1] Group 1: Investment Allocation - 67% of the funds will be focused on three priority areas: food production, industrial revitalization, and the reconstruction of the electricity system [1] - 95% of the investment will be directed towards ongoing projects aimed at enhancing the self-sufficiency of strategic industries [1] Group 2: Strategic Projects - The plan includes modernization of the Antillana steel plant in collaboration with Russia, expansion of cement production capacity, and various agricultural, forestry, tobacco, and livestock projects [1] - New photovoltaic power plants and maintenance of thermal power plants are also part of the investment strategy [1] Group 3: Infrastructure and Social Welfare - The investment will cover housing, water management, tourism, and other infrastructure and social welfare areas, with plans to construct over 9,000 state-owned housing units and renovate 38 tourism hotels [1] - Upgrades to the national water supply system and support for the production of essential medicines and biotechnology research are also included [1]

Group 1 - The meeting between the Henan provincial leaders and the head of the National Tobacco Monopoly Administration emphasized the importance of the tobacco industry in Henan's economic development and the need for continued support from the national level [1][2] - Henan's tobacco industry is recognized for its strong foundation, potential, characteristics, and advantages, with a focus on enhancing production, marketing models, and technological research [1] - The provincial government aims to optimize the business environment and maintain market order to promote stable growth, innovation, quality improvement, and efficiency in the tobacco industry [1] Group 2 - The National Tobacco Monopoly Administration expressed appreciation for Henan's attention to the tobacco industry and highlighted the province's favorable geographical location, market potential, and positive development trends [2] - There is a commitment from the National Tobacco Monopoly Administration to increase support for Henan's tobacco industry, focusing on brand cultivation, market expansion, and boosting consumption [2]

Core Insights - The retail sales value in December 2025 is estimated at HKD 35 billion, representing a year-on-year increase of 6.6% compared to December 2024 [1] - Online sales accounted for 8.8% of total retail sales in December 2025, with an estimated value of HKD 3.1 billion, marking a significant increase of 30.9% from December 2024 [1] - The total retail sales value for the entire year of 2025 is estimated at HKD 380.5 billion, reflecting a 1.0% increase compared to 2024 [3] Retail Sales by Category - In December 2025, the highest sales value increase was seen in jewelry, watches, and luxury gifts, which rose by 14.3% compared to December 2024 [2] - Other notable increases include electrical appliances and other durable goods (up 58.9%) and miscellaneous consumer goods (up 7.5%) [2] - Conversely, clothing sales decreased by 10.3%, and supermarket goods saw a slight increase of only 0.3% [2] Quarterly Performance - The seasonally adjusted total retail sales value for Q4 2025 increased by 1.2% compared to Q3 2025, while the total sales quantity saw a slight decline of 0.4% [2] Future Outlook - The government spokesperson indicated that the retail sector is experiencing steady recovery, supported by improving local consumer sentiment and a significant increase in visitor numbers to Hong Kong [4]