Core Insights - The demand for international transportation of consumer lithium batteries has surged, leading to stricter regulations in air and sea transport, while railway transport is emerging as an efficient and compliant alternative due to relaxed policies on China-Europe freight trains [1] Group 1: Definition of Lithium Batteries - Lithium batteries are classified as Class 9 hazardous materials, divided into lithium metal batteries and lithium-ion batteries, with the latter widely used in modern consumer electronics [2] Group 2: Regulations for Railway Transport of Lithium Batteries - Railway transport is primarily focused on consumer lithium batteries, with specific regulations for lithium metal and lithium-ion batteries regarding lithium content and energy ratings [5] - For lithium metal batteries, lithium content must be ≤1g (2g for certain cases), while lithium-ion batteries must have an energy rating ≤20Wh (100Wh) and a state of charge (SOC) not exceeding 30% of rated capacity [5] Group 3: Required Documentation for Transport - Three mandatory documents are required for the transport of lithium battery goods: 1. UN38.3 test report, certifying battery safety under extreme conditions 2. Packaging inspection report, verifying packaging durability 3. Railway transport condition assessment report, determining if the goods can be treated as regular cargo [7] Group 4: Transportation Process for Consumer Lithium Batteries - In 2023, national policies were introduced to regulate and permit railway transport of consumer lithium batteries, with varying implementation across regions [11] - As of July 8, 2023, official notifications confirmed that consumer lithium battery goods can be mixed with regular cargo for railway transport, facilitating their movement to European markets [11] - Specific transport solutions are available from various domestic departure stations to international destinations, requiring advance submission of necessary documents for approval [11]