1. Report Overview - The coffee series special report consists of four parts, with the fourth one summarizing the main characteristics of the current Yunnan coffee industry from four aspects: planting cost, grading classification, pricing mechanism, and industrial chain development [3] 2. Planting Cost: Diverse Accounting - As of November 2025, the average yield per mu of commercial coffee fresh fruit in Yunnan is about 700 - 800 kg, and about every 6 - 7 kg of fresh fruit can produce 1 kg of green beans, so the yield of green coffee beans is about 120 kg per mu. The cost of fresh coffee fruit is about 5 yuan/kg, and the cost of green coffee beans is between 25 - 40 yuan/kg. Cost components include rent, labor, fertilizers, picking, and initial processing [6] - Different business entities, production areas, varieties, and planting patterns have a significant impact on costs. Small and medium - sized coffee farmers mainly grow commercial beans, while boutique coffee is mainly planted in estates. The cost of boutique estates is 2 - 3 times that of small and medium - sized farmers [7] - High - altitude production areas have higher costs due to the need to optimize the planting environment and management standards for high - quality varieties. Yunnan coffee is often planted in a multi - layer composite structure with economic crops like macadamia, which can share costs and increase efficiency [7][8] 3. Bean Grading: Unique Standards - Coffee grading is based on various standards, with the ICO and SCA standards having an increasing influence. The market is divided into commodity beans and boutique beans, with different grading methods [9] - Physical attributes include bean size (classified by screen size), shape (round and uniform preferred), color (light blue or light green for Yunnan beans), density (higher density is better), moisture content (controlled at 9% - 12%), and processing methods (washed beans are cleaner) [15] - Defect assessment includes counting major and minor defects, with the boutique level requiring no major defects and no more than 5 total defects per 300g (SCA standard). Defects affect flavor purity [16] - Altitude is directly related to bean hardness and acidity, and regional soil properties also affect the bean grade. Cup - tasting is a unique and important part of coffee grading, with clear evaluation criteria for different dimensions [17][21] 4. Pricing Mechanism: Rich Dimensions - The global coffee pricing mechanism is a complex system composed of the futures market, the spot market, and special trading mechanisms. The futures market price dominates the global coffee spot market pricing [23] - The ICE Arabica coffee futures contract and the ICE Europe Robusta coffee futures contract are the most influential in the world. The spot market pricing generally uses the "futures price + premium/discount" model, and high - quality boutique coffee uses a flavor - based pricing mechanism [23][24][25] - Historically, Yunnan coffee prices were mainly determined by international coffee traders and large foreign - funded enterprises. Currently, domestic enterprises have become the main players in Yunnan coffee trade, and the dependence on the international futures market is decreasing [26][27] - The entire coffee industry chain looks forward to the construction of a domestic coffee futures market, which can help farmers, traders, and enterprises manage price risks and enhance China's international pricing power [29] 5. Industrial Chain: Uneven Development - The Yunnan coffee industry chain consists of upstream planting, mid - stream processing, and downstream distribution, showing an uneven development pattern. However, this situation has been continuously improved with policy support [30] - In terms of value distribution, the downstream distribution环节accounts for 93% of the value - added, while the upstream planting accounts for only 1% and the mid - stream processing accounts for 6%. The upstream is highly affected by price fluctuations, and the mid - stream has limited value - added due to low - end processing [31][32] - In terms of industrial chain concentration, the upstream and mid - stream have low concentration, with small - scale and scattered operations. The downstream has a relatively high concentration, and the market is shifting from extensive expansion to refined operation, but brand building and traceability systems still need improvement [34][35][36]