Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the shift towards open-source models in the AI industry, highlighting that 2025 marks a significant turning point as major tech companies embrace open-source strategies despite the initial success of closed-source models in commercialization [2][3]. Group 1: Open-source vs Closed-source - The "closed-source" camp focuses on monetization through technology protection, ensuring service quality and data security, while the "open-source" camp promotes accessibility and innovation through shared models and community collaboration [3]. - The rise of open-source models, exemplified by companies like DeepSeek, has initiated an unprecedented "open-source wave" in the global AI industry [3]. Group 2: Major Players and Their Contributions - Major tech companies have released numerous open-source models, with significant contributions from firms like OpenAI, Google, Meta, and Alibaba, showcasing advancements in model performance and capabilities [2][5][6]. - Notable releases include Meta's Llama 4, which is highlighted as one of the most advanced multi-modal models, and DeepSeek's models that have achieved top rankings in open-source performance [5][6]. Group 3: Drivers of Open-source Adoption - The article identifies four key drivers behind the surge in open-source models: the rise of edge intelligence, the need for industry-specific customization, accelerated ecological division of labor, and the crossing of a technological threshold that enhances model usability [11][12][13]. - Open-source models are seen as a means to democratize technology, reduce costs, and foster innovation among developers and small enterprises [14][15]. Group 4: Commercialization Strategies - Companies are exploring various commercialization strategies for open-source models, including offering basic models for free while charging for premium API services, creating community and enterprise versions, and leveraging cloud platforms for monetization [16][17][20]. - The trend indicates a move towards hybrid models that balance open-source initiatives with sustainable revenue generation [20].