后刘家塔墓地出土的镶绿松石燕形铜泡。 后刘家塔墓地出土的金耳饰。 瓦窑沟墓地出土的铜钺。 这里是黄土高原规模最大的商代中心聚落。以大型夯土建筑为中心，周围12个山峁上密集分布着大型墓 葬、小型墓地、铸铜遗存、平民活动区等不同功能遗存，范围约300万平方米。其规模巨大、遗存丰 富、要素齐全，凸显出商代北方黄土梁峁地带中心聚落遗址"多峁一体、功能互补"的分布特征。 大型夯土建筑坐落于一座独立塬峁——寨塬盖上。由远观之，寨塬盖似一座恢宏的高台建筑，丰富了先 秦时期的建筑类型，充分展现出当时超强的社会组织能力与建造水平。 此外，寨沟遗址还出土42件陶范与3件炉壁残块等冶金遗存，构成了几乎完整的青铜生产链。陶范纹饰 精美，殷墟风格鲜明，显示出当地已具备发达的青铜铸造技术和能力，为探讨当地青铜器来源提供了关 键材料。 这里是殷墟之外数量最多的"甲"字形贵族墓葬群。已发掘的后刘家塔墓地共包含4座墓葬。尽管墓葬曾 遭盗扰，仍出土铜、金、玉、陶、石、骨、贝等各类随葬品200余件，为研究商代方国贵族丧葬制度提 供了重要线索。 以上图片均为孙战伟提供 12月16日，陕西清涧寨沟遗址和红山社会文明化进程研究入选世界考古论坛重大田野考 ...

Group 1: Key Findings on Hongshan Culture - The recent archaeological findings indicate that the Hongshan culture, which dates back over 5,000 years, did not disappear but rather expanded westward and southward, integrating its ritual systems into the broader narrative of Chinese civilization's origins [1][9] - Significant discoveries were made at the Niuhualiang site in Liaoning, which is recognized as the largest ceremonial center of the Hongshan culture, featuring a combination of ritual structures similar to those found in historical capitals [2] - New artifacts, including ceramic figurines found in tombs at the Dongshantou site, provide new insights into the functions of such objects, suggesting a connection to beliefs and ritual activities [4][6] Group 2: Findings on Zhaigou Site - The Zhaigou site in Shaanxi has been confirmed as a regional center of bronze civilization during the late Shang Dynasty, covering an area of approximately 3 million square meters [10] - Artifacts from the Zhaigou site, including various ceramic molds and over 200 items from tombs, exhibit intricate designs and similarities to those found in the Yinxu site, indicating advanced bronze casting technology [12][14] - The discovery of over 40 chariots at the Zhaigou site, including the earliest known double-yoke chariot, pushes back the history of double-yoke chariots in China by about 1,000 years, providing clues about the origins of chariot technology [16]