中新网呼和浩特12月20日电 (记者 李爱平)内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院19日发布消息称，元宝山积石 冢南部遗迹出土文物标本达300余件。 元宝山积石冢遗址位于内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗下洼镇八旗村北1.5公里处的缓坡上。经过调查、发掘及勘 探，考古人员还明确了元宝山积石冢为一处北圆南方、坛冢一体的墓葬建筑与祭祀建筑融合的红山文化 遗址。 内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院院长孙金松表示，该遗址的发掘为深入了解红山文化晚期社会形态、组织 管理，探讨红山古国礼制文明、文明化进程，以及红山文化在多元一体中华文明形成与发展中的贡献和 意义等提供了确凿的资料实证。同时，该遗址的发掘也为红山文化申报世界文化遗产提供了有力的学术 支撑。(完) 图为元宝 山积石冢出土的玉器。 内蒙古文物考古研究院供图 据介绍，2024—2025年，经中国国家文物局批准，内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院对元宝山遗址开展考古 发掘工作，共揭露积石冢、墓葬、积石堆、祭祀坑、灰坑、颜料坑等遗迹近40处，出土文物标本300余 件。 ...

16日，中国社会科学院、国家文物局等部门在上海公布2023—2025年取得的重大考古成果。其中一项聚焦红山文化，综合两年来辽宁、内蒙古、河北的红山 文化考古成果，发现5000多年前，红山文化并未消失，而是向西向南拓展，并把相关礼仪体系融进中华文明起源发展的大脉络里。 2023—2025年，中国社会科学院考古研究所等多家单位，在辽宁、内蒙古、河北三省区开展红山文化考古工作。其中，辽宁牛河梁遗址，拥有红山文化等级 最高、规模最大的祭祀礼仪活动中心，是红山文化繁荣阶段的典型代表。20世纪80年代，辽宁牛河梁遗址发现了"女神庙"、祭坛和积石冢墓地，构成了近似 历史时期都城才有的祭祀组合。近两年来，新发现7座红烧土坑，其排列方式与"北斗"相似，初步推测可能与天象崇拜或季节性祭祀有关。 中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员 贾笑冰：原来认为是距今5000年以后它就衰落了，那现在看，至少要持续到距今4800年，晚了200年，现在看不仅它没有 衰落，而是向西向南发展，把红山文化创造的这些祭祀礼仪体系，就贡献到了中华文明起源的这个大的脉络里面。 陕西寨沟遗址出土类型多样陶范 16日公布的2023—2025年重大考古成果中，陕西寨沟遗 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "Hongshan Culture" is recognized as a foundational element in the development of later ceremonial systems and the initial exploration of the "relationship between heaven and humanity" in Chinese civilization [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The Hongshan culture dates back 6,500 to 4,800 years and is characterized by two types of sites: ritual and residential, reflecting a society that emphasizes rituals over secular life [3]. - Archaeological findings indicate a complex social structure within the Hongshan culture, showcasing a multifaceted society that provides critical insights into the development of ancient state systems [4]. - The integration of local traditions and shamanistic practices into a cohesive belief system laid the groundwork for a unified social order, which was essential for the establishment of the "Hongshan Ancient State" [4]. Group 2: Ritual and Governance - The ritual system that emerged during the mid-Hongshan period, characterized by "respect for heaven, earth, and ancestors," established a hierarchical order that was widely accepted within the region [4]. - The "Niuhuangliang site" is identified as the highest-level multifunctional ritual center of the Hongshan culture, comparable to state-level sacrificial sites, reinforcing its significance in the cultural and social order [5]. - The development of a ritual-based governance model facilitated cultural identity and social order, marking a significant step towards civilization in ancient China [5].

Core Insights - The archaeological site of Dongshantou in Pingquan has made significant discoveries that expand the distribution range of the Hongshan culture, filling gaps in research in northeastern Hebei [1][2] - The site has revealed 69 various relics and over 100 artifacts, including pottery, stone, and jade items, indicating a complex social structure and ritual practices [1][2] Group 1 - The Dongshantou site is the first formally excavated Hongshan cultural site in the Qinglong River basin on the northern slope of the Yanshan Mountains, with burial structures and artifacts similar to those found at the Niuhouliang site [2] - The discoveries include unique burial customs and artifacts, such as the first instance of figurines representing male and female figures, which contribute to understanding the ritualistic aspects of Hongshan civilization [2] Group 2 - The findings at Dongshantou, including the Kan sacrificial remains and the Earth Mother relics, provide new insights into the ceremonial practices of the Hongshan culture and support the notion of a well-developed ritual system [2] - The stratification of burial sites within the Dongshantou site suggests a complex social hierarchy during the late Hongshan culture, adding evidence to the understanding of societal evolution in this period [2]

Core Insights - The archaeological excavation at the Dongshantou site in Pingquan, Hebei Province, has yielded significant findings over the past four years, clarifying the site's layout and structure, with 69 various relics discovered and over 100 artifacts including pottery, stone tools, and jade items unearthed, providing new evidence for the study of Hongshan culture [1][3] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Dongshantou site, located in Pingquan City, dates back approximately 5,500 to 5,300 years, with a total excavation area of 2,400 square meters conducted by a joint archaeological team since 2022 [1] - Key discoveries include a stone mound burial area and a sacrificial zone, with the burial structures evolving from rectangular to circular shapes in the upper cultural layer [1][3] - Notable artifacts include ceramic figurines of male and female figures found in the burials, marking a first in Hongshan culture archaeology [3] Group 2: Cultural Significance - The findings at Dongshantou contribute to understanding the complex social processes of the late Hongshan culture and the formation of ritual systems in early Chinese civilization [3] - Over 30 additional Hongshan culture sites have been identified in the Chengde region, expanding the known distribution of Hongshan culture across the entire Yanshan region and the Liao River basin [3] - The Hongshan culture, emerging around 6,500 years ago and transitioning to ancient state civilization approximately 5,800 years ago, is crucial for research on the origins of Chinese civilization and its diverse evolution [3]

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the study of Hongshan culture, emphasizing his role in archaeological discoveries and his academic lineage from Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology [1][2][3]. Group 1: Contributions to Hongshan Culture - Guo Dashun is recognized as the leading figure in Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed important artifacts, establishing Hongshan as one of the three major sources of Chinese civilization over 5,000 years ago [1]. - He proposed a new understanding that there should be a structure of higher significance than the "Goddess Temple" within the Hongshan culture [1]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei, including a large number of Hongshan cultural relics, suggest that the culture may have migrated southward during its peak [2]. Group 2: Academic Influence and Legacy - Guo Dashun, a disciple of Su Bingqi, continues to advocate for the idea that Hongshan culture is a direct root of Chinese civilization, emphasizing the importance of Su's academic thoughts in contemporary archaeology [1][2]. - The article highlights the significance of Su Bingqi's theories, particularly the continuity of Chinese civilization and the importance of ritual systems, which Guo Dashun elaborates on in his discussions [5][6]. - Guo Dashun's reflections on Su Bingqi's legacy indicate that his academic contributions remain relevant in current archaeological discourse, particularly in understanding the origins of Chinese civilization [17][18]. Group 3: Archaeological Methodology and Perspectives - The article discusses the need for a combination of archaeological findings and historical texts to reconstruct ancient history, emphasizing that archaeological evidence should validate historical narratives [29][30]. - Guo Dashun advocates for a collaborative approach between archaeologists and historians to enhance the understanding of ancient cultures, suggesting that archaeological methods should be applied to historical research [36]. - The discussion includes the importance of diverse perspectives in archaeology, encouraging a "hundred schools of thought" approach to foster deeper insights into ancient civilizations [28].

Core Insights - The article discusses the archaeological findings in the Xiliao River basin, highlighting its significance as one of the important birthplaces of Chinese civilization, with evidence of human history dating back over a million years and cultural history spanning 10,000 years [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Xiliao River, as a source of the Liao River, has geographical features that facilitated early civilization development, with rich prehistoric sites and artifacts proving its importance in the formation of Chinese civilization [1] - The Xiliao River basin saw the emergence of dragon imagery and sophisticated jade artifacts around 8,000 years ago, indicating the onset of civilization [1] - The Neolithic cultural sequence in the Xiliao River region includes several cultures such as Xiahexi, Xinglongwa, Zhaobaogou, Fuhe, Hongshan, and Xiaheyan, with the Xinglongwa culture being particularly dominant due to its agricultural practices and jade customs [1] Group 2: Hongshan Culture - The Hongshan culture, particularly the Dongshanzui and Niuheliang sites, has sparked significant research interest since the 1980s, leading to discussions about the origins of Chinese civilization [2] - The "Goddess Temple" at the Niuheliang site features artistic clay sculptures of female figures and is characterized by its ceremonial architecture, indicating a complex societal structure [2] - Burial practices in the Hongshan culture, such as the construction of stone mounds, reflect a hierarchical relationship among the deceased, with central and peripheral graves [2] Group 3: Cultural Artifacts - Jade artifacts are the primary burial items in the Hongshan culture, showcasing strict burial regulations and the significance of jade in funerary practices [3] - The late Hongshan culture (5,300 to 5,000 years ago) marked the emergence of the "Hongshan Ancient State," where interactions with the Yangshao culture led to the development of unique pottery designs combining dragon and floral motifs [3] Group 4: Bronze Age Discoveries - The discoveries from the Bronze Age in the Xiliao River region include the Lower and Upper Xiujiaodian cultures, with the Lower culture dating from 2000 to 1500 BC and showing evidence of city-state formations [4] - The Upper Xiujiaodian culture, dating from the Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn period, indicates close interactions with the central plains states of Yan and Qi, with artifacts reflecting strong influences from central Chinese ceremonial practices [4] - The latest findings from the Chinese civilization exploration project define the period from 5,800 to 5,200 years ago as the beginning of Chinese civilization, with the Niuheliang site being a representative cultural site of this phase [4]

Core Points - The exhibition "Ceramic Stone Reflection, Dawn of Civilization - Archaeological Achievements of the Neolithic Era in Zhangjiakou" showcases over 70 precious artifacts, highlighting the cultural lineage of the Neolithic era in the Zhangjiakou region [2][3] - A unique human-shaped double-eared pot, dating back to the late Neolithic period, was discovered outside the eastern gate of Zhangjiakou's Xuanhua district, demonstrating complex craftsmanship and rarity compared to contemporaneous round pottery [2] - Stone grinding tools, found at the Shangi Sita Neolithic site, were essential for daily life, indicating that as early as 7600 years ago, the inhabitants were processing millet and broomcorn [2] - The jade pig dragon, a typical artifact of the Liaohe River basin's Hongshan culture, was unearthed from a stone mound site in Xuanhua, suggesting the cultural transmission path of the late Hongshan culture around 5000 years ago [2] Industry Insights - The exhibition serves as a platform for a cross-temporal dialogue of civilization, emphasizing the rich historical narrative of the Zhangjiakou region from cultural inception 10,000 years ago to the flourishing of civilization 5,000 years ago [3] - The artifacts reflect the diverse and integrated cultural heritage of the Chinese nation, providing an immersive experience of historical continuity [3]

Core Insights - The 2025 Beijing Cultural Forum highlighted archaeological findings in the West Liao River basin, providing new evidence for the complexity of social processes in the region [1] Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - Hebei Province has discovered over 300 Neolithic sites and more than 70 sites from the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the West Liao River basin [1] - The Dongshantou site in Pingquan revealed a combination of jade artifacts and ceramic figurines in Hongshan culture tombs, indicating the complexity and evolution of burial practices [1] - The Zhengjiagou No. 1 stone mound indicates that the Zhangjiakou area may have been a regional center during the late Hongshan culture, with key materials for studying migration paths and burial customs [1] Group 2: Findings from Inner Mongolia and Liaoning - Inner Mongolia has conducted extensive archaeological surveys since 2021, yielding significant results in the West Liao River basin [2] - The Wulantuga site from the Neolithic era uncovered over 110 structures and more than 1,800 artifacts, tracing architectural layouts back approximately 8,000 years [2] - Liaoning Province has identified 847 sites related to the Hongshan culture, confirming a distribution area of nearly 300,000 square kilometers [2] Group 3: Collaborative Efforts - Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Liaoning signed a joint mechanism to promote the integration of West Liao River culture into contemporary cultural construction [2]

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the understanding of Hongshan culture and its significance in Chinese civilization [1][2][5] - It highlights the recent archaeological discoveries and theories proposed by Guo Dashun regarding the existence of a more significant structure than the "Goddess Temple" in the Hongshan culture [6][10] Group 1: Guo Dashun's Contributions - Guo Dashun is recognized as the foremost expert on Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed key artifacts and structures [1][2] - He emphasizes the need for further exploration of the Hongshan culture, particularly the potential existence of a central temple structure referred to as "Shangmiao" [6][10] - Guo Dashun's academic lineage traces back to Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology, which influences his interpretations of Hongshan culture [1][2] Group 2: Archaeological Discoveries - Recent findings at the Zhengjiagou site in Hebei indicate a possible migration of Hongshan culture artifacts, suggesting a broader geographical influence [2] - The discovery of large-scale structures and artifacts at the Niuhouliang site supports the idea of a complex societal structure within the Hongshan culture [6][10] - The presence of various types of jade artifacts, including the notable "Jade Pig (Bear) Dragon," indicates a rich cultural and artistic tradition within the Hongshan civilization [36][37] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The article posits that Hongshan culture represents a critical phase in the development of Chinese civilization, characterized by its unique ritualistic practices and social structures [23][24] - Guo Dashun argues that the "altar, temple, and tomb" system of Hongshan culture reflects a sophisticated understanding of cosmology and social hierarchy [23][24] - The integration of jade and pottery in Hongshan culture signifies a fusion of different cultural traditions, contributing to its distinct identity [47][50]