春节假期，很多观众慕名来到深藏在辽宁西部山沟沟里的这处遗址——牛河梁遗址。 在通往牛河梁国家考古遗址公园的道路两旁，红彤彤的灯笼高挂，洋溢着春节喜庆的氛围。朝阳牛河梁遗址博物馆、牛河梁遗址第一地点（女神庙）保护展 示馆、牛河梁遗址第二地点（积石冢、祭坛）保护展示馆、红山文化展示中心、游客服务中心等散落在山梁上的万亩松林中。 牛河梁遗址博物馆 徐秀丽/摄 牛河梁遗址管理处处长张雪深感接待观众人数比去年春节有了显著增长。遗址博物馆新增百余件出土文物，使观众更好地了解遗址价值；遗址公园也经过全 面升级改造，园区整体环境更加舒适。 文明发端地 古国牛河梁 牛河梁是辽宁省朝阳市下辖的建平县与凌源市交界处的一座山梁，因考古工作者在牛河梁南部山梁发现了一座红山文化时期的墓葬，并在其周边更大范围内 发现了多处红山文化遗址，便将这处遗址群以"牛河梁"冠之，通称为牛河梁遗址。 浩瀚的中华文明如满天星斗，红山文化更是其中最耀眼的一颗。作为红山文化分布的核心区，1981年，牛河梁遗址的发现，吸引了世界的目光。牛河梁遗址 超过5000年的测年数据为中华五千年文明史提供了证据，被称为"中华文明的曙光"。 对牛河梁遗址的认识经历过漫长的路 ...

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences has released findings on new archaeological discoveries in China by 2025, highlighting the Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei, where nine stone tombs have been identified, including significant artifacts like the jade pig dragon, which provides new insights into the Hongshan culture [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Zhengjiagou site features a large stone tomb with an area of approximately 1,500 square meters, surrounded by 90 tombs and over 180 sacrificial pits, indicating a complex burial structure [7] - Artifacts discovered include the jade pig dragon, which is a typical item of the Hongshan culture, and a unique two-linked jade piece that shows similarities and differences with those from the Liaoxi region [8][9] - The site also reveals a blend of cultural influences, with artifacts showing characteristics of both Hongshan and Yangshao cultures, suggesting a cultural exchange in the region [9] Group 2: Cultural Implications - The findings suggest that around 5,300 years ago, the Hongshan culture expanded into the Hebei Zhangjiakou area, forming a new cultural center that integrated various cultural elements [10] - The Zhengjiagou site challenges previous understandings of the Hongshan culture's timeline and geographical spread, extending its influence by 200 years and broadening its activity range beyond the Liaoxi region [10] - Genetic analysis indicates a strong hereditary link between the Zhengjiagou population and the Hongshan culture population in the Xiliao River basin, suggesting they belong to the same ethnic group [10]

Core Viewpoint - The recent archaeological discoveries at the Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, reveal significant findings related to the Hongshan culture, including the excavation of nine stone tombs and over 600 artifacts, which provide new insights into the origins of Chinese civilization [1][17]. Archaeological Findings - The Zhengjiagou site features a large stone tomb with an area of approximately 1,500 square meters, surrounded by 90 tombs and over 180 sacrificial pits, indicating a complex burial structure [1][9]. - The excavation of the first stone tomb has uncovered a unique "Jade Pig Dragon," a typical artifact of the Hongshan culture, which was previously believed to be confined to the Liao West region [3][17]. - A notable discovery includes a "painted bear head clay sculpture," which was created using local materials and techniques, showcasing the artistic practices of the time [7][9]. Cultural Exchange and Influence - Artifacts from the Zhengjiagou site exhibit characteristics of both the Hongshan culture and the Yangshao culture, indicating a fusion of diverse cultural influences in the region [9][16]. - The site has been identified as a regional center for the late Hongshan culture, suggesting that it played a significant role in the cultural exchanges during that period [9][17]. Historical Context - The Hongshan culture is believed to date back approximately 6,500 to 5,000 years, with the Zhengjiagou findings extending its timeline by 200 years, indicating a broader geographical influence into Hebei Province [17]. - Genetic analysis of human remains from the site shows a strong genetic link between the Zhengjiagou population and the Hongshan culture population from the West Liao River basin, suggesting continuity in cultural identity [19]. Excavation Techniques - The excavation team employed modern techniques such as "box extraction" to preserve the integrity of the tombs while transporting them to the laboratory for detailed analysis [19][21]. - The process involves careful measurement and construction of a protective box around the tomb, followed by a methodical replacement of the soil to maintain the archaeological context [21][25].

头条看点 文物玉猪龙。 牛河梁遗址考古现场第二地点内景。 牛河梁遗址博物馆广场。 以上图片均为牛河梁遗址博物馆提供 辽宁牛河梁遗址保护区是红山文化已知规模最大、由多个遗址点构成的遗址群。随着这个距今约5800年 的"超级工程"揭开神秘面纱，牛河梁考古新成果将中华文明起源向前推进了五六百年。经过一系列探 索，牛河梁国家考古遗址公园已成为辽宁最具标志性的文化旅游地之一，让古老文明更加可亲可近、可 知可感。 车行辽西，丘陵广布，河谷纵横。 辽宁省朝阳市建平县与凌源市交界地带牤牛河畔的牛河梁，因河而得名。20世纪80年代，考古人员在牛 河梁区域先后发现了积石冢群、大型祭坛，出土了玉猪龙等珍贵文物。2025年初，牛河梁遗址入选首批 重要大遗址清单。 牛河梁遗址考古发掘取得哪些新进展？还有哪些未解之谜等待解答？记者走进牛河梁国家考古遗址公 园，探寻中华文明起源，叩问"何以中国"。 红山文化已知规模最大的遗址群 牛河梁遗址保护区范围近60平方公里，已经确认的遗址点数量达51处，是红山文化已知规模最大、由多 个遗址点构成的遗址群。 在牛河梁遗址第一地点，由中国社会科学院考古研究所和辽宁省文物考古研究院联合组成的考古队，正 组 ...

Core Viewpoint - The archaeological discoveries at the Niuhe Liang site in Liaoning Province, which date back approximately 5800 years, have pushed back the timeline of Chinese civilization's origins by five to six hundred years, highlighting the significance of the Hongshan culture as the largest known archaeological site of its kind [4][9]. Group 1: Archaeological Significance - The Niuhe Liang site is the largest known archaeological site of the Hongshan culture, covering nearly 60 square kilometers with 51 confirmed sites [6]. - Recent excavations have revealed a large architectural complex consisting of at least nine platforms, with the main structure covering about 60,000 square meters, indicating advanced organizational capabilities of the Hongshan people [6][8]. - The site features sophisticated engineering solutions, such as a dual water drainage system, showcasing the early architectural principles that may have influenced later Chinese architecture [8]. Group 2: Cultural Insights - The discoveries at Niuhe Liang have redefined the narrative of the origins of Chinese civilization, marking it as the earliest known form of civilization in the region [9]. - The findings suggest that the Hongshan culture, which thrived from over 6500 years ago to around 5000 years ago, may have expanded and integrated with other civilizations rather than disappearing [9]. - Recent discoveries in Hebei Province, such as the Zhengjiagou site, provide new insights into the continuity and evolution of the Hongshan culture [9]. Group 3: Tourism and Cultural Heritage - The Niuhe Liang National Archaeological Park has become a prominent cultural tourism destination in Liaoning, with visitor numbers steadily increasing, reaching approximately 200,000 in 2025 [11][12]. - The park features various facilities, including museums and interactive exhibits, enhancing visitor engagement with the ancient culture [11]. - Ongoing preservation efforts are crucial for maintaining the integrity of the 51 archaeological sites within the park, ensuring that cultural heritage is protected while promoting tourism [11].

中新网呼和浩特12月20日电 (记者 李爱平)内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院19日发布消息称，元宝山积石 冢南部遗迹出土文物标本达300余件。 元宝山积石冢遗址位于内蒙古赤峰市敖汉旗下洼镇八旗村北1.5公里处的缓坡上。经过调查、发掘及勘 探，考古人员还明确了元宝山积石冢为一处北圆南方、坛冢一体的墓葬建筑与祭祀建筑融合的红山文化 遗址。 内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院院长孙金松表示，该遗址的发掘为深入了解红山文化晚期社会形态、组织 管理，探讨红山古国礼制文明、文明化进程，以及红山文化在多元一体中华文明形成与发展中的贡献和 意义等提供了确凿的资料实证。同时，该遗址的发掘也为红山文化申报世界文化遗产提供了有力的学术 支撑。(完) 图为元宝 山积石冢出土的玉器。 内蒙古文物考古研究院供图 据介绍，2024—2025年，经中国国家文物局批准，内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院对元宝山遗址开展考古 发掘工作，共揭露积石冢、墓葬、积石堆、祭祀坑、灰坑、颜料坑等遗迹近40处，出土文物标本300余 件。 ...

16日，中国社会科学院、国家文物局等部门在上海公布2023—2025年取得的重大考古成果。其中一项聚焦红山文化，综合两年来辽宁、内蒙古、河北的红山 文化考古成果，发现5000多年前，红山文化并未消失，而是向西向南拓展，并把相关礼仪体系融进中华文明起源发展的大脉络里。 2023—2025年，中国社会科学院考古研究所等多家单位，在辽宁、内蒙古、河北三省区开展红山文化考古工作。其中，辽宁牛河梁遗址，拥有红山文化等级 最高、规模最大的祭祀礼仪活动中心，是红山文化繁荣阶段的典型代表。20世纪80年代，辽宁牛河梁遗址发现了"女神庙"、祭坛和积石冢墓地，构成了近似 历史时期都城才有的祭祀组合。近两年来，新发现7座红烧土坑，其排列方式与"北斗"相似，初步推测可能与天象崇拜或季节性祭祀有关。 中国社会科学院考古研究所研究员 贾笑冰：原来认为是距今5000年以后它就衰落了，那现在看，至少要持续到距今4800年，晚了200年，现在看不仅它没有 衰落，而是向西向南发展，把红山文化创造的这些祭祀礼仪体系，就贡献到了中华文明起源的这个大的脉络里面。 陕西寨沟遗址出土类型多样陶范 16日公布的2023—2025年重大考古成果中，陕西寨沟遗 ...

Core Viewpoint - The "Hongshan Culture" is recognized as a foundational element in the development of later ceremonial systems and the initial exploration of the "relationship between heaven and humanity" in Chinese civilization [1][3]. Group 1: Research Findings - The Hongshan culture dates back 6,500 to 4,800 years and is characterized by two types of sites: ritual and residential, reflecting a society that emphasizes rituals over secular life [3]. - Archaeological findings indicate a complex social structure within the Hongshan culture, showcasing a multifaceted society that provides critical insights into the development of ancient state systems [4]. - The integration of local traditions and shamanistic practices into a cohesive belief system laid the groundwork for a unified social order, which was essential for the establishment of the "Hongshan Ancient State" [4]. Group 2: Ritual and Governance - The ritual system that emerged during the mid-Hongshan period, characterized by "respect for heaven, earth, and ancestors," established a hierarchical order that was widely accepted within the region [4]. - The "Niuhuangliang site" is identified as the highest-level multifunctional ritual center of the Hongshan culture, comparable to state-level sacrificial sites, reinforcing its significance in the cultural and social order [5]. - The development of a ritual-based governance model facilitated cultural identity and social order, marking a significant step towards civilization in ancient China [5].

Core Insights - The archaeological site of Dongshantou in Pingquan has made significant discoveries that expand the distribution range of the Hongshan culture, filling gaps in research in northeastern Hebei [1][2] - The site has revealed 69 various relics and over 100 artifacts, including pottery, stone, and jade items, indicating a complex social structure and ritual practices [1][2] Group 1 - The Dongshantou site is the first formally excavated Hongshan cultural site in the Qinglong River basin on the northern slope of the Yanshan Mountains, with burial structures and artifacts similar to those found at the Niuhouliang site [2] - The discoveries include unique burial customs and artifacts, such as the first instance of figurines representing male and female figures, which contribute to understanding the ritualistic aspects of Hongshan civilization [2] Group 2 - The findings at Dongshantou, including the Kan sacrificial remains and the Earth Mother relics, provide new insights into the ceremonial practices of the Hongshan culture and support the notion of a well-developed ritual system [2] - The stratification of burial sites within the Dongshantou site suggests a complex social hierarchy during the late Hongshan culture, adding evidence to the understanding of societal evolution in this period [2]

Core Insights - The archaeological excavation at the Dongshantou site in Pingquan, Hebei Province, has yielded significant findings over the past four years, clarifying the site's layout and structure, with 69 various relics discovered and over 100 artifacts including pottery, stone tools, and jade items unearthed, providing new evidence for the study of Hongshan culture [1][3] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The Dongshantou site, located in Pingquan City, dates back approximately 5,500 to 5,300 years, with a total excavation area of 2,400 square meters conducted by a joint archaeological team since 2022 [1] - Key discoveries include a stone mound burial area and a sacrificial zone, with the burial structures evolving from rectangular to circular shapes in the upper cultural layer [1][3] - Notable artifacts include ceramic figurines of male and female figures found in the burials, marking a first in Hongshan culture archaeology [3] Group 2: Cultural Significance - The findings at Dongshantou contribute to understanding the complex social processes of the late Hongshan culture and the formation of ritual systems in early Chinese civilization [3] - Over 30 additional Hongshan culture sites have been identified in the Chengde region, expanding the known distribution of Hongshan culture across the entire Yanshan region and the Liao River basin [3] - The Hongshan culture, emerging around 6,500 years ago and transitioning to ancient state civilization approximately 5,800 years ago, is crucial for research on the origins of Chinese civilization and its diverse evolution [3]