西辽河是辽河的源头之一，上游的老哈河、西拉木伦河两大支流，汇合后形成了西辽河干流。这种地理 特征促进了该地区早期文明的发展。考古发现的丰富的史前遗址和重要文物，证明了该地区在中华文明 形成过程中的重要地位。在距今8000年前，西辽河流域就已经出现了龙的形象和成熟的玉器，这表明当 时已经进入文明起步阶段。 中国百年考古实证，中华大地已有百万年的人类史、一万年的文化史、五千多年的文明史。中华文明探 源工程的成果表明：在中华文明"满天星斗""重瓣花朵式向心结构"形成的早期阶段，西辽河流域是中华 文明的重要发源地之一。 西辽河地区新石器时代的考古学文化序列，自早到晚有小河西文化、兴隆洼文化、赵宝沟文化、富河文 化、红山文化和小河沿文化。兴隆洼文化以林西县白音长汗和敖汉旗兴隆洼、兴隆沟第一地点等遗址为 代表，存续时间较长，以辽西地区为中心。兴隆洼文化以原始农业、用玉习俗、猪首龙形态等三方面文 化因素的出现，确立了在西辽河地区的主导地位。经全面揭露的兴隆洼遗址，为一处有围沟环绕的原始 聚落，清理房址180余座，有"华夏第一村"之美誉。 经正式发掘的红山文化聚落，主要有东山嘴、牛河梁等遗址。上世纪80年代以来，以辽宁喀左东 ...

近日，"陶石辉映 文明曙光——张家口新石器时代考古成果展"在张家口市博物馆拉开帷幕。70余件珍 贵文物宛如时光使者，引领我们穿越回那个遥远而神秘的时代，探寻这一地区新石器时代的文化脉络。 展览，不仅仅是文物的陈列展示，更是一场跨越时空的文明对话。这些静默无言的陶器与石器，承载着 张家口地区从一万年前的文化萌芽迈向5000年前文明绽放的厚重历史，让我们沉浸式感受中华民族多元 一体格局的源远流长。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年09月27日 07 版） (责编：胡永秋、杨光宇) 步入展厅，一件人形双耳壶造型独特，吸引了众人目光。此壶于张家口宣化东门外黄土场出土，属新石 器时代晚期。壶身以孕妇形象为参照，其制作工艺复杂，由手工精心捏制而成，且经过压光、磨光等工 序，相较于同时期大量圆形的轮制陶器，更显珍贵。 石磨盘与磨棒的组合，将我们带入先民的日常生活。这些工具出土于尚义四台新石器时代遗址，是去除 植物种子外壳、研磨成粉的关键器具。通过对石磨盘表面提取的淀粉颗粒分析，考古人员发现，早在距 今7600年前后，四台地区的先民们就已开始加工粟和黍。 距今5000年左右，玉猪龙跟随先民的脚步，从辽河流域沿燕山北麓来到张家口 ...

"郑家沟1号积石冢的考古发现表明，张家口地区可能是红山文化晚期区域中心。"张文瑞说，这里出土 的蚌饰、珍珠饰件和彩陶等遗存，为研究红山文化晚期迁徙路径、埋葬制度、祭祀习俗等提供关键材 料。 内蒙古自治区文物考古研究院院长孙金松介绍，2021年以来，内蒙古在西辽河流域开展一系列考古调查 与发掘工作，取得丰硕成果。 新华社北京9月22日电（记者贺书琛、吴文诩）22日，在2025北京文化论坛"西辽河文化与中华文明起源 及其现代意义"专业沙龙上，河北省、内蒙古自治区、辽宁省文物考古研究院分别发布"十四五"期间西 辽河流域系列考古成果，涵盖聚落形态、祭祀体系、生业方式等，为研究西辽河地区社会复杂化进程提 供新依据。 河北省文物考古研究院院长张文瑞介绍，近年来河北在西辽河流域共发现300余处新石器时代遗址、70 余处商周时期遗址。 在平泉东山头遗址考古发掘中，考古队员首次在红山文化墓葬中发现墓内玉器与陶塑人像的组合，反映 出红山文化葬制的复杂性及其演变动向，该遗址的其他发现揭示红山文化晚期墓葬的布局、等级和出土 器物的差异性，说明红山文化晚期社会阶层出现分化。 辽宁省文物考古研究院院长白宝玉介绍，近年来辽宁在朝阳、阜新地 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the contributions of Guo Dashun to the understanding of Hongshan culture and its significance in Chinese civilization [1][2][5] - It highlights the recent archaeological discoveries and theories proposed by Guo Dashun regarding the existence of a more significant structure than the "Goddess Temple" in the Hongshan culture [6][10] Group 1: Guo Dashun's Contributions - Guo Dashun is recognized as the foremost expert on Hongshan culture, having led significant archaeological excavations that revealed key artifacts and structures [1][2] - He emphasizes the need for further exploration of the Hongshan culture, particularly the potential existence of a central temple structure referred to as "Shangmiao" [6][10] - Guo Dashun's academic lineage traces back to Su Bingqi, a prominent figure in Chinese archaeology, which influences his interpretations of Hongshan culture [1][2] Group 2: Archaeological Discoveries - Recent findings at the Zhengjiagou site in Hebei indicate a possible migration of Hongshan culture artifacts, suggesting a broader geographical influence [2] - The discovery of large-scale structures and artifacts at the Niuhouliang site supports the idea of a complex societal structure within the Hongshan culture [6][10] - The presence of various types of jade artifacts, including the notable "Jade Pig (Bear) Dragon," indicates a rich cultural and artistic tradition within the Hongshan civilization [36][37] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The article posits that Hongshan culture represents a critical phase in the development of Chinese civilization, characterized by its unique ritualistic practices and social structures [23][24] - Guo Dashun argues that the "altar, temple, and tomb" system of Hongshan culture reflects a sophisticated understanding of cosmology and social hierarchy [23][24] - The integration of jade and pottery in Hongshan culture signifies a fusion of different cultural traditions, contributing to its distinct identity [47][50]

Core Insights - The Zhengjiagou site in Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province, is part of a major archaeological project focused on the "Red Mountain Society Civilization Process" [3] - Since the excavation began in 2022, over 200 relics have been discovered, including stone walls, stone coffin tombs, and sacrificial pits, along with more than 400 artifacts such as jade and pottery [3][6] - The carbon dating results indicate that the No. 1 stone tomb dates back to the late Red Mountain culture, marking a significant find outside the core area of this culture [6] Group 1 - The Zhengjiagou site is a key archaeological project aimed at understanding the Red Mountain culture [3] - Important discoveries include over 200 relics and 400 artifacts, showcasing typical characteristics of the Red Mountain culture [3][6] - The findings provide new materials for studying the distribution of the Red Mountain culture and its burial and sacrificial customs [6] Group 2 - The site is significant for understanding prehistoric cultural exchanges between the Liaoxi and Hebei Northwest regions [6] - The discoveries at Zhengjiagou offer crucial clues for further exploration of the Red Mountain culture's trajectory [6]

Group 1: Exhibition Highlights - The exhibition "The Power of Chinese Plants" at the China Garden Museum showcases the influence of Chinese plants on the world, with ancient texts like "Compendium of Materia Medica" providing significant knowledge for Western botany [1][5] - The exhibition features over 39,000 recorded Chinese plant species, accounting for one-tenth of the world's total plant species, highlighting China's diverse geography [5] - A notable display includes the "Anglo-Chinese Garden" series of copperplate engravings, which illustrates the profound impact of "Chinese style" on European garden aesthetics [7] Group 2: Cultural Significance of the Hongshan Culture - The "Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" explores the origins of the dragon as a cultural symbol in China, dating back approximately 6,500 to 5,000 years [16][17] - The exhibition features various dragon elements, including 12 jade dragon artifacts, emphasizing the cultural significance of dragons in ancient Chinese civilization [23] - The layout of the exhibition is inspired by the architectural design of the "Goddess Temple" from the Niuhua Liang site, reflecting the ritualistic and ceremonial aspects of the Hongshan culture [31]

Core Viewpoint - The "Dragon Rising China: Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" at the Shanghai Museum showcases the latest archaeological discoveries and research results of the Hongshan culture, highlighting its formation, development, and influence through significant artifacts and findings [1][2][3]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition focuses on the iconic cultural symbol of the Hongshan culture, the jade dragon, and includes new archaeological discoveries from Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, and Hebei, creating a comprehensive picture of the Hongshan culture's evolution [1]. - The Hongshan culture dates back approximately 6,500 years and lasted until about 4,800 years ago, with its sites covering nearly 300,000 square kilometers [1]. Group 2: Cultural Characteristics - Continuity and innovation are key features of the Hongshan culture, with typical pottery like the flat-bottomed cylindrical jar and the emergence of jade and painted pottery reflecting its innovative spirit [1]. - The variety and quantity of jade artifacts increased, evolving into ceremonial vessels with social functions, while painted pottery served as a medium for cultural exchange with the Central Plains [1]. Group 3: Ritual and Social Structure - The establishment of a ritual order centered around ceremonial activities formed the institutional basis for ancient state civilizations, with significant sites like the Niuheliang site in Liaoning indicating a complex ritual system [2]. - Differences in jade artifact quality and size among high-status members suggest the emergence of a hierarchical order, similar to historical records [2]. Group 4: Archaeological Discoveries - The decline of the ritual center at the Niuheliang site around 5,000 years ago raises questions about whether it was due to an overemphasis on rituals or environmental changes [3]. - The discovery of the Zhengjiagou site provides insights into the southward migration of the Hongshan culture's population, enriching the narrative of its integration into the Central Plains [3]. Group 5: Cultural Significance - The jade dragon, a complex and widely distributed artifact, symbolizes the intricate jade ritual system of the Hongshan culture and reflects societal acceptance of its hierarchical order [3]. - The numerous archaeological findings from the Hongshan culture offer important clues for exploring the origins of Chinese civilization from both institutional and spiritual perspectives [3].

Core Viewpoint - The "Dragon Soars China: Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Special Exhibition" is currently being held at the Shanghai Museum, showcasing 310 cultural relics from 20 cultural institutions, including 68 first-class and 39 second-class relics [1] Group 1: Cultural Significance - The Hongshan culture, which thrived from approximately 4700 to 2900 BC in the Liao River basin, is recognized for its advanced primitive agriculture, animal husbandry, and unique burial mounds and goddess temple relics [1] - The culture is particularly noted for its exceptional jade craftsmanship, exemplified by the "First Dragon of China," which is described as having a smooth surface and intricate carvings achieved through complex techniques without metal tools [1] Group 2: Artifacts - In addition to jade artifacts, pottery is a significant component of the Hongshan culture, featuring simple yet representative designs such as zigzag patterns and cloud motifs, reflecting the aesthetic preferences and technical skills of the time [2] - A variety of artifacts are displayed, including jade items like the jade pig dragon, jade phoenix, and various pottery forms such as painted pots and jars [4][5][6][7]

Core Viewpoint - The "Longteng China: Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization Exhibition" has opened at the Shanghai Museum, showcasing over 300 artifacts from 20 cultural and archaeological institutions, highlighting the achievements and discoveries of Hongshan archaeology over the past century [1][2]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is part of the Shanghai Museum's "Why China" series and features significant artifacts from the Hongshan culture, which dates back approximately 6,500 to 5,000 years [1]. - The Hongshan culture is recognized as one of the earliest archaeological cultures in China to enter a complex social structure and spiritual belief system, marking it as a significant source of Chinese civilization [1][3]. Group 2: Key Artifacts - The exhibition includes notable pieces such as the C-shaped jade dragon and the ring-shaped jade dragon, both representative of the Hongshan culture's jade craftsmanship [1][4]. - The C-shaped jade dragon, carved from a single piece of yellow-green jade, is considered one of the earliest forms of dragon representation in prehistoric jade artifacts [1][5]. - The ring-shaped jade dragon, discovered in 1984, is highlighted as a significant archaeological find from the Niuheliang site in Liaoning [2]. Group 3: Cultural Significance - The first section of the exhibition, "Dragon Out of the Liao River," discusses the origins and characteristics of the Hongshan culture, which emerged in the Liao River basin, blending elements of local fishing and hunting cultures with agricultural traditions from the Central Plains [2]. - The second section, "Dragon Walking in Hongshan," showcases artifacts that reflect the ritual systems and primitive beliefs of the Hongshan people, indicating a transition to a more complex societal structure [3]. - The third section, "Dragon Spreading Across the Nine Provinces," presents a variety of jade artifacts, emphasizing the cultural significance of jade in the Hongshan civilization and its influence on later Chinese cultures [5][6]. Group 4: Exhibition Design - The exhibition's spatial design is inspired by the ritual architecture of the Hongshan culture, featuring a symmetrical layout that connects key artifacts and symbols [6]. - The color scheme of the exhibition hall incorporates "Hongshan Red" and "Graphite Gray," creating an immersive environment that reflects the cultural themes of the Hongshan civilization [6]. Group 5: Duration - The exhibition will be open to the public until October 8 [7].

Core Viewpoint - The exhibition "Dragon Rising China: Special Exhibition of Hongshan Culture Ancient Civilization" at the Shanghai Museum showcases over 300 artifacts, highlighting the significance of dragon totems in Hongshan culture and its role in the origins of Chinese civilization [6][7][12]. Group 1: Exhibition Overview - The exhibition is part of the "What is China" series and features artifacts from 20 museums and archaeological institutions across various provinces [7][12]. - It includes a significant centerpiece, the "C" shaped jade dragon from the Palace Museum, symbolizing the royal aura of the Hongshan culture [8][10]. - The exhibition presents a total of 310 artifacts, with over a quarter being displayed for the first time [12][15]. Group 2: Cultural Significance - Hongshan culture, dating back approximately 6,500 years, is recognized for its advanced ritual systems and the establishment of a belief system centered around reverence for heaven, ancestors, and rulers [8][16]. - The artifacts reflect the early development of Chinese ceremonial practices, including the construction of altars and tombs, which are foundational to Chinese cultural identity [15][17]. - The exhibition aims to enhance public understanding of Hongshan culture and its contributions to the broader narrative of Chinese civilization [18][21]. Group 3: Archaeological Findings - Recent archaeological discoveries, such as the large-scale sacrificial site at the Niuhou Liang site, indicate a complex social structure and belief system in the Hongshan culture [16][17]. - The exhibition features unique artifacts like the "double dragon head jade pendant" and the earliest known stone dragon sculpture, providing insights into the evolution of dragon imagery in Chinese culture [10][11][19]. - The ongoing research and discoveries related to Hongshan culture are expected to further illuminate its role in the development of early Chinese civilization [16][21].