郑州大学考古与文化遗产学院研究团队负责人介绍，团队通过金相检验、微区成分分析、元素分析等方 法确认，两件器物均为铜锡铅三元合金铸造而成。较多的杂质元素与疏松多孔的质地，表明原料应是直 接使用多金属共生矿冶炼而成，反映出早期冶金技术的原始特征。目前，相关研究成果已在线发表于国 际学术期刊ArchaeologicalResearchinAsia。 "这两件青铜器是中华灿烂青铜文明的早期代表，为研究冶金技术的起源、传播和发展提供了新的材 料。"研究团队负责人表示，此前，中国早期青铜遗存多发现于西北地区、北方地区，此次发现，不仅 证实了长江中游地区在屈家岭文化晚期已出现了青铜铸件，还将长江中游早期冶金的时间上限推至4500 年前。这也说明，长江流域与北方地区在冶金技术探索上可能处于同步发展状态，为重构中国早期冶金 文明的多元起源格局提供了重要材料和支撑。 沟湾遗址位于河南省淅川县上集镇张营村沟湾组东。2007年至2009年，为配合南水北调中线工程丹江口 水库建设，郑州大学考古系对沟湾遗址进行了考古发掘。遗址首次发现了汉水中游地区具有环壕设施的 铜是最早被人类认识和使用的金属之一，以青铜为代表的铜器采冶和铸造技术已成为 ...

Core Viewpoint - A newly discovered early Northern Wei tomb in Xianyang, which had been sealed for a millennium, provides significant insights into the historical evolution and distribution of tombs in the region [1] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - In 2021, the Xianyang Archaeological Research Institute excavated a series of ancient tombs in the Xixian New Area, uncovering a total of 11 Western Han tombs, 6 Eastern Han tombs, and 5 Northern Wei tombs [1] - The M19 tomb, which is notably large and well-preserved, yielded a rich variety of artifacts, including 26 burial items such as tomb guardian beasts, warrior figurines, saddles, carts, and various pottery [1] Group 2: Tomb Structure and Characteristics - The M19 tomb features a long sloping passageway leading to a single chamber, oriented north-south, consisting of a passage, a corridor, and a burial chamber [1] - The structural characteristics of the M19 tomb are similar to those found in the Sixteen Kingdoms and Northern Dynasties tombs in the Fengqi Yuan and Aerospace City areas, dating back to the period between the Sixteen Kingdoms and the Northern Wei [1] Group 3: Cultural Significance - The pottery figurines found in the M19 tomb are a significant component of Northern Wei burial customs, showcasing a rich variety and clear regional characteristics [1] - The style of the pottery figurines reflects strong Xianbei cultural influences, suggesting that the M19 tomb dates back to the early Pingcheng era of the Northern Wei, prior to Emperor Xiaowen's relocation of the capital to Luoyang [1]

图① 图② 在浙江宁波中国港口博物馆暨国家水下文化遗产保护宁波基地，一场跨越70年的考古回望徐徐展 开。"从远古渔村到国际港城：宁波考古里的海洋基因"特展，以"探海、拓海、兴海"为主线，串联起八 千年的海洋文明记忆。展览通过三大主题单元、数百件文物文献，全方位展现从史前至今的海洋文明， 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年11月15日 08 版） (责编：袁勃、赵欣悦) 凸显宁波作为中国海洋文化重要发源地、海上丝绸之路枢纽港与海防重镇的历史地位，诠释了宁波人向 海图强、开拓进取的精神。 半个多世纪以来，井头山、河姆渡、田螺山等史前文明遗址的系统调查发掘，清晰呈现宁波先民认识海 洋、利用海洋的早期实践。展柜中，长35厘米的独木舟模型器便出自余姚田螺山遗址。它由整段圆木精 雕而成，尖头、方尾、椭圆船舱的设计，再现了河姆渡文化时期先民的造船智慧。模型器旁伴出的木 桨、鱼骨，印证了约7000年前宁波先民已驾舟出海，向海而生。 展厅中央，战国"羽人竞渡"铜钺的纹饰格外醒目。1976年出土于鄞州云龙的这件文物，正面刻有4位头 戴羽冠的越人，手持船桨在狭长轻舟上奋力竞渡，生动还原了"以舟为车、以楫为马"的古越风情。作为 权力与军 ...

Core Insights - The discovery of a well-preserved Eastern Han dynasty Yue kiln site in Cicheng Town, Ningbo, highlights the historical significance of the region in porcelain production [1][9] - The archaeological excavation, approved by the National Cultural Heritage Administration, was conducted to support the construction of the Tongsujiaying Railway, revealing a 22.5-meter-long dragon kiln [3][4] Group 1: Archaeological Findings - The dragon kiln at Guotangao site consists of three main parts: the kiln head, kiln bed, and kiln tail, with a large fire chamber measuring approximately 2.2 meters deep [4] - The kiln bed is elevated by about 1.2 meters compared to the fire chamber, facilitating airflow and enhancing temperature control during the firing process [4] - Various types of porcelain and kiln tools were unearthed, including daily-use items such as jars, pots, and basins, predominantly featuring green and black glazes with typical Eastern Han decorative patterns [6][9] Group 2: Historical Context - The Yue kiln tradition began in the Eastern Han period and continued until the Southern Song dynasty, initially centered in Shaoxing and later shifting to the Cixi area [9] - The Guotangao kiln site represents a transitional phase in the development of Yue kiln craftsmanship, providing crucial insights into the evolution of black-glazed porcelain [9]

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Archaeological Research Institute has released 12 significant achievements in archaeology over the past five years, including 6 excavation results and 6 research interpretations [1][2] Group 1: Excavation Achievements - Key excavation reports include findings from various sites such as the Dasha Qian site, Quanzhou city ruins, and the archaeological site in Honduras, which provide insights into historical urban layouts and cultural exchanges [1] - The Quanzhou city excavation report supports research on the spatial structure of Tang and Song Quanzhou, enhancing the understanding of its historical significance as a maritime trade center [1] Group 2: Research Interpretation Achievements - Research interpretation results include works that explore the long history of human civilization in China, emphasizing the value of archaeology in understanding cultural development [2] - Notable publications include "Civilization China: One Million Years of Human History, Ten Thousand Years of Cultural History, and Five Thousand Years of Civilizational History," which systematically interprets the classic assertion of China's extensive historical timeline [2]

Core Viewpoint - The rise of "her power" among Chinese women is significantly enhancing the cultural landscape, with women actively participating as creators, enablers, and trendsetters in various cultural fields [1] Group 1: Cultural Contribution - Women are increasingly visible in cultural creation, dissemination, research, and preservation, expanding the boundaries of cultural expression and infusing a warm feminine touch into the cultural landscape of the new era [1] - The "New Era China Promoting Women's Comprehensive Development Practices and Achievements" white paper highlights that 45.2% of the national cultural talent project participants are women, and 25% of national intangible cultural heritage representatives are female [1] Group 2: Heritage Preservation - A women's archaeological team in Chongqing has been active since 2012, dedicating over 200 days a year to field archaeology, showcasing unique female strength in the preservation of cultural heritage [2] - Wan Xiaojuan, a representative inheritor of Bian embroidery, is transforming this ancient craft into a dual force for cultural inheritance and women's development, actively engaging in educational initiatives and collaborations with schools and universities [3] Group 3: Cultural Dissemination - Chen Jing, the 58th inheritor of Hua Tuo's Five Animal Play, has been promoting this traditional Chinese exercise internationally, conducting workshops in over 30 countries and creating online teaching videos to reach a broader audience [4] - Female writers in the Chinese online literature scene are telling Chinese stories from a "her perspective," breaking cultural barriers and gaining global readership through works like "Empresses in the Palace" [4][5] Group 4: Social Impact - Ordinary women are contributing positively to society through family values and community service, exemplified by individuals like Huang Yixiang, who balances family responsibilities with community engagement, and Liu Faying, who has raised over 35 million yuan for educational support [6] - These women embody the essence of love and responsibility, illuminating family values and contributing to the collective memory of society [7] Group 5: Future Outlook - The multifaceted influence of Chinese women in cultural preservation, dissemination, and social responsibility is expected to continue shaping the narrative of a culturally prosperous China, with "her power" deeply rooted in tradition while looking towards the future [7]

Core Insights - The article highlights significant archaeological achievements in China over the past five years, emphasizing their importance in understanding the origins and development of Chinese civilization [1][2] Group 1: Key Archaeological Findings - The excavation report of the Dasha Qian site reveals its central role during the Xiajiadian Lower Culture period, clarifying the cultural continuity in the Chifeng region from the Xiajiadian Lower to Upper Culture and into the Warring States period [1] - The archaeological findings from Quanzhou provide empirical support for its recognition as a world maritime trade center during the Song and Yuan dynasties, correcting previous misconceptions about the site's layout [1][2] - The excavation of 103 tombs in the Anyang Huabei Shangcheng industrial workshop area offers critical insights into the burial practices and social conditions of artisans during the Shang Dynasty, filling a gap in the understanding of mid-Shang family burial sites [4] Group 2: Significant Cultural Insights - The discovery of the Heishui No. 1 tomb in Qinghai is noted as the most complete and clearly structured high-status tomb found on the Tibetan Plateau, contributing to the understanding of burial customs during the Tang (Tubo) period [5][7] - The excavation at the Liao Shangjing site reveals the first high-status south-facing buildings in a city oriented to the east, advancing the archaeological study of Liao dynasty capital systems [8] Group 3: Contributions to Global Archaeology - The findings at the Copan site in Honduras, including intricate stone carvings, provide valuable material for the study of Maya civilization and exemplify China's archaeological outreach [10][11] - The publication of "Civilization China" presents the latest archaeological data on human origins and cultural evolution, enhancing the understanding of ancient Eastern human development [14] Group 4: Methodological Innovations - The research on Han Dynasty bronze mirrors using 3D scanning technology represents a pioneering effort in ancient mirror studies, contributing significantly to the field of ancient craftsmanship archaeology [19] - The book focusing on ancient Buddhist temples in East Asia aims to establish a theoretical framework for the archaeology of Chinese cave temples, addressing a gap in both domestic and international research [20]

Core Insights - The recent discoveries at the Sanxingdui site, including six sacrificial pits and over 17,000 artifacts, have significantly advanced the understanding of the site's historical context and cultural significance [3][4]. Archaeological Findings - The sacrificial pits date back to between 1201 BC and 1012 BC, corresponding to the late Shang Dynasty [1]. - The excavation revealed advanced gold and bronze crafting techniques, indicating a highly developed civilization in the upper Yangtze River region [4][5]. - The gold artifacts, totaling approximately two kilograms, showcase sophisticated gold smelting techniques and craftsmanship, marking a peak in early Chinese precious metalwork [4]. Technological Advancements - The discovery of painted bronze artifacts at Sanxingdui pushes back the timeline for the emergence of painted bronze in China by nearly a thousand years, with over 60 painted bronze items identified in just one sacrificial pit [5]. - The use of color in bronze artifacts fills a gap in the understanding of artistic practices during the Bronze Age in China, highlighting the significance of lacquer techniques as the earliest known examples in the Sichuan Basin [5]. Agricultural Developments - The transition from dryland to wetland rice cultivation played a crucial role in supporting the Sanxingdui civilization, providing a stable food supply that enabled the development of complex social structures [6][7]. - Advanced irrigation techniques and the improvement of rice cultivation methods contributed to increased agricultural productivity, which in turn supported a larger population and specialized labor, including artisans and priests [7].

Core Insights - The Shimao archaeological site in northern Shaanxi, China, is revealing significant insights into the origins and development of Chinese civilization, with discoveries dating back over 4,000 years [1][2]. Archaeological Discoveries - The Shimao site features a large prehistoric city with a complex structure including a royal city, inner city, and outer city, covering an area of over 4 million square meters [2]. - Notable findings include a large stone sculpture with a divine face, which symbolizes a connection between the human and supernatural realms, reflecting the cultural identity of the Shimao people [2][4]. - The site has yielded a vast number of exquisite jade artifacts, despite being located in a region not known for jade production, indicating a unique cultural practice of embedding jade within the stone walls [4][6]. Cultural Significance - The discoveries at Shimao have led to new understandings of prehistoric Chinese civilization, with scholars proposing that it may have been the capital of the pre-Xia dynasty or a settlement of the Yellow Emperor's tribe [7]. - Advanced techniques in archaeology, including the use of MR holographic technology, have been employed to visualize and present the findings, enhancing public engagement with the site [7]. Tourism and Heritage - The Shimao site has been included in the "Preliminary List of World Cultural Heritage" in China, and the establishment of the Shimao Museum and National Archaeological Site Park is attracting tourists [7].

Core Insights - The development of cultural heritage in China has made significant progress during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period, achieving historic accomplishments in heritage application and management [1] Archaeological Work - Archaeological efforts are crucial for showcasing and constructing the history of the Chinese nation, with 21 major projects and 1284 active excavation projects implemented to explore key issues such as human origins and the development of civilization [2] - Advanced equipment for archaeological excavations has reached world-class standards, contributing to economic and social development through over 6500 archaeological excavations related to major national infrastructure projects [2] Museum Development - The museum sector is thriving, with the number of registered museums expected to reach 7046 by the end of 2024, averaging one museum for every 200,000 people, and over 91% of them being free to enter [3] - Central government funding for free museum access has exceeded 15 billion yuan, with over 4.1 billion visitors and more than 40,000 exhibitions held annually, promoting the transmission of traditional and revolutionary culture [3] Supply and Demand in Museums - The increasing popularity of certain museums has led to a supply-demand imbalance, prompting the National Cultural Heritage Administration to implement measures to enhance supply capacity and improve visitor experience [4] World Heritage Protection - China has successfully added four cultural heritage sites to the World Heritage List during the "14th Five-Year Plan," bringing the total to 60, including 41 cultural heritage sites [5] - The management and protection systems for world cultural heritage have been strengthened, with ongoing projects aimed at improving preservation conditions and interpretative displays [5] Future Plans - The focus for the "15th Five-Year Plan" will include the application for world cultural heritage status for sites like Jingdezhen's porcelain heritage and the Sanxingdui site, along with implementing research-oriented protection projects [6]