Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the tension between idealism and realism in global politics, particularly focusing on the limitations of both extreme social Darwinism and utopian ideals in explaining human society and international relations [1][2][6]. Group 1: Theoretical Perspectives - Extreme social Darwinism leads to destructive competition, undermining social cohesion and human values, while the ideal of a utopian society overlooks the necessity of competition for innovation and progress [1][2]. - Both extremes fail to provide a comprehensive understanding of human society, highlighting the need for a balance that acknowledges competition while ensuring ethical boundaries [2][6]. Group 2: International Relations Dynamics - The notion of "equality among nations" is criticized as an unrealistic ideal, as powerful countries can dominate agendas through coercion and unilateral actions, undermining true equality [3][4]. - The disparity between wealthy and poorer nations reflects a similar inequality among individuals, complicating negotiations and often leading to superficial agreements that do not resolve fundamental conflicts [3][4]. Group 3: European Integration and Challenges - The European Union's integration efforts, while aimed at fostering cooperation and economic interdependence, face significant challenges due to internal disparities and decision-making inefficiencies [8][9]. - The EU's focus on consensus and regulatory coordination has led to reduced competitiveness compared to more centralized decision-making systems like those in the US and China [9][10]. Group 4: Realism vs. Idealism in Europe - The article highlights the decline of European competitiveness as it clings to idealistic values while failing to adapt to the realities of global power dynamics, leading to a potential loss of influence [14][17]. - The ongoing internal conflicts within the EU, exacerbated by differing economic structures and priorities, threaten the viability of its integration model [10][12]. Group 5: Future Outlook - The article suggests that without a shift from idealistic approaches to a more pragmatic understanding of power dynamics, Europe risks marginalization in the global arena [20][23]. - Historical patterns indicate that overly tight integration without addressing underlying differences may lead to fragmentation, echoing past political dissolutions [21][22].