Core Points - The 30th Conference of the Parties (COP30) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change is being held in Belem, Brazil, marking the 10th anniversary of the Paris Agreement and the original signing of the Convention in Brazil [1] - The conference is convened amid a dual crisis, with 2024 projected to be the hottest year on record, surpassing the 1.5°C target set by the Paris Agreement [1] - Only about 125 parties have submitted their next round of Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) due by 2025, highlighting a significant challenge in global climate commitments [1] - The absence of the U.S. government at the conference and its recent opposition to global shipping carbon pricing is seen as a hindrance to multilateral climate mechanisms [1] Group 1 - Despite the challenges, the participation rate at COP30 indicates a strong commitment to multilateralism, with only four countries absent [2] - Approximately 98% of sovereign entities still view the UN as an irreplaceable platform for communication and cooperation in addressing climate change [2] - The absence of the U.S. federal government does not equate to a lack of U.S. representation, as states like California and New Mexico are participating through the "U.S. Climate Alliance" [2] Group 2 - Renewable energy is expected to surpass coal as the primary source of global electricity generation by 2025, driven by collective efforts from parties like China and the EU [3] - The global carbon emission growth rate has significantly slowed from an average of 1.7% per year (2005-2014) to 0.3% per year (2015-2024), indicating progress in climate change mitigation efforts [3] - The ongoing submission of updated NDCs by parties reflects a commitment to climate action, with the emphasis on direction over speed in achieving the 1.5°C target [3]