Core Viewpoint - The silver market is experiencing a significant shift from being viewed as "poor man's gold" to being recognized as a critical material with essential industrial applications, driven by a persistent supply-demand gap since 2021 [2][4][41]. Group 1: Supply and Demand Dynamics - Since 2021, the global silver market has faced a physical supply-demand gap, primarily due to rapid demand growth in key industries such as photovoltaics and electrification, while supply has struggled to keep pace [2][38]. - Over 70% of global silver production comes from by-products of other metals, making the supply response to price signals slow and dependent on the investment cycles of copper, lead, and zinc [3][33]. - The average annual supply-demand gap for silver from 2021 to 2024 is estimated to be around 150-200 million ounces, totaling nearly 800 million ounces [38]. Group 2: Industrial Demand Growth - In 2024, global silver demand is projected to reach 1.164 billion ounces (approximately 36,200 tons), with industrial demand accounting for about 58% of this total [10]. - The photovoltaic sector is a key driver of silver demand, with actual demand expected to reach 198 million ounces in 2024, a 1.6-fold increase from 2019, despite a decrease in silver usage per watt [22]. - The electric vehicle and AI infrastructure sectors are also contributing to silver demand, with the average silver usage in electric vehicles increasing from 15-20 grams for traditional cars to 30-40 grams for new energy vehicles [26]. Group 3: Price Dynamics and Market Perception - Historically, silver has been priced in relation to gold, with the gold-silver ratio fluctuating significantly, reaching levels above 90 during the pandemic [14][15]. - The current market still tends to price silver using gold's financial logic, despite silver's unique industrial applications and growing demand [16][42]. - Silver's identity is evolving as it transitions from a widely used industrial metal to a critical material locked into key industries, making it less susceptible to price fluctuations [18][41].