Core Viewpoint - The development of new quality productivity is essential for advancing China's modernization and requires a systematic approach that integrates both government and market forces [1][2]. Group 1: Role of Government and Market - The interaction between technological innovation and institutional innovation is crucial for the development of new quality productivity, emphasizing the need for both market functions and government interventions to address market failures [2][3]. - Different stages of technology development require tailored roles for government and market, with government policies aiding in overcoming barriers during the technology catch-up phase and market mechanisms guiding innovation in the leading phase [3][4]. Group 2: Industry Characteristics - For capital-intensive and long-return strategic emerging industries, government support is necessary to ensure sustained investment, while more market-driven approaches are suitable for dynamic sectors like the digital economy [4][5]. - In the electric vehicle industry, government support is essential for foundational research, while market mechanisms can drive the development of charging infrastructure [4]. Group 3: Regional Considerations - The development of new quality productivity must be tailored to specific regional conditions, with market mechanisms playing a decisive role in developed areas and government initiatives focusing on infrastructure and talent development in less developed regions [5][6]. Group 4: Addressing Bottlenecks - Current challenges in the development of new quality productivity include inefficient flow of production factors and scattered technological resources, necessitating improvements in market mechanisms and government roles to facilitate smoother resource allocation [7][8]. - The establishment of a unified and open factor market is critical for the effective flow of new production factors, requiring a market-driven pricing mechanism and regulatory oversight to ensure compliance and efficiency [7][8]. Group 5: National Innovation System - The new type of national system is vital for overcoming technological bottlenecks and enhancing the overall effectiveness of the national innovation system, requiring a combination of government, market, and social forces to optimize mechanisms and promote collaborative innovation [8].