他告诉记者，自己在国外做研究选题自由但缺少方向感，2021年入职上海交大后，在学校的引导下，总 会考虑"国家和社会的重大需求是什么""什么样的研究是具有变革性的"这样的问题，"这些问题就像是 灵魂拷问，日夜萦绕在我们心头"。 近日，上海交通大学（以下简称"上海交大"）变革性分子前沿科学中心、吕志和科学园入驻科学家孙浩 副教授团队在《自然》杂志在线发表题为《高电压无阳极钠硫电池》的研究论文，这项研究在国际上首 创高电压、无负极的钠硫电池新体系。 中青报·中青网记者注意到，孙浩团队的研究是上海交大引导青年学者积极面向世界科技前沿和对接国 家重大需求的科研成果，其所在的变革性分子前沿科学中心亦是上海交大"超常规支持科研"的结果。该 中心成立5年，勇闯"科研无人区"，在《自然》《科学》《细胞》发表及接收论文5篇，化学领域顶刊发 表论文162篇。 "十五五"规划建议指出，完善新型举国体制，采取超常规措施，全链条推动集成电路、工业母机、高端 仪器、基础软件、先进材料、生物制造等重点领域关键核心技术攻关取得决定性突破。记者发现，上海 交大推出了不少"超常规举措"，为孙浩这样的青年学者搭建闯进"科研无人区"的舞台。 这里的考 ...

长板引领突破，锻长板是实现弯道超车的破局之道。 近年来我们发挥新型举国体制优势，关键核心技术攻关突围，正是竹竿效应的投射。人工智能大模型你 追我赶、芯片自主研发有了新突破、天问二号开启"追星"之旅……重大科技成果，离不开有为政府与有 效市场的有机结合。面对关键技术、前沿领域的对垒，抢机遇、扬优势才能占先机、赢未来。 面对考试，一门课丢分，都影响总分；着眼今后，把一项做到最好，就是满分……以木桶效应与竹竿效 应为喻，一位老师鼓励同学专注热爱、做深做透。课堂上的新"劝学篇"，引人思考。 木桶装水看短板，竹竿取物凭长节，两个朴素隐喻，道出成长道理，也折射发展逻辑。 木桶效应，强调短板的制约；竹竿效应，凸显长板的优势。二者不是非此即彼的选择题，而是辩证统一 的方法论，是底线思维与高线思维的有机融合。实现高质量、可持续的发展，既要以补短求均衡，又要 以扬长谋超越。 短板牵制全局，补短板是提升竞争力的策略之选。 基础设施建设，弥补硬件不足；脱贫攻坚，消除区域性贫困；教育普及，提升全民素养。实打实的举 措，有力夯实发展基石，也有效提升整体效能。 扬长与补短，是动态平衡，也能动态转化。曾经的短板，在突破瓶颈后，可能转化为新的 ...

□ 刘伟京 王淑芬 操庆 党的二十届四中全会审议通过的《中共中央关于制定国民经济和社会发展第十五个五年规划的建议》明 确提出"加快经济社会发展全面绿色转型，建设美丽中国"的战略部署，强调要"筑牢生态安全屏障，增 强绿色发展动能"。太湖作为长三角生态安全与经济的重要支撑，2024年太湖水质改善取得突破，水质 总体达到Ⅲ类，创30年来最好水平，首次全年达到国家良好湖泊标准。同年，江苏提出"再用10年左右 的时间，使太湖的生态环境发生质的变化，把太湖打造成世界级生态湖区和创新湖区"。 太湖治理实践是美丽中国建设的先行探索，充分展示了习近平生态文明思想的实践伟力，也充分印证了 高质量发展和高水平保护精神相辅相成、相得益彰的辩证统一关系。 发展与保护矛盾叠加不利自然因素 湖泊治理是公认的世界性难题，太湖治理则更甚。江苏太湖流域人口密集、经济发达，资源开发强度 大。太湖流域常住人口密度远超日本琵琶湖和北美伊利湖流域，国土开发强度超过30%临界点，用水量 超过本地水资源量。工业园区超过450个，传统产业工业废水排放量大，新兴产业迅速发展又带来新的 污染特征和环境压力。种植业品种多、产量大，畜禽养殖和水产养殖面广量大，化肥施 ...

当复兴号驶向宝塔山，西延高铁开通了，陕北革命老区从此迈入"高铁时代"。 随着陕西西安至延安高铁开通，中国高铁营业里程突破5万公里，领跑世界。 5万公里，织就全球最大、最先进的高铁网，营业里程超过全球其他国家总和两倍，人流、物流、信息 流、资金流相互交织，生机涌动。 建不建？怎么建？面对京沪高铁构想，我们曾激辩10余年。《中长期铁路网规划》的发布实施，让中国 高铁迈入跨越式发展新阶段。 习近平主席发表二〇二六年新年贺词时指出："大家拼搏进取、耕耘奉献，铸就了欣欣向荣的中国。" 路，联通大江南北，串联历史与现实。从西延高铁开通看发展的确定性、创造性、机遇性，我们更能感 悟一个欣欣向荣的中国。 （一） 历史地看，从西延高铁开通，可以看到中国发展的确定性。 1991年12月26日，延安结束无铁路的历史，延安到西安需14小时；2012年，西安到延安开通动车，全程 2.5小时；2025年12月26日，开通后的西延高铁，设计时速达350公里。 当全长299公里的西延高铁融入全国高铁网，2004年发布的首版《中长期铁路网规划》更显"奠基石"的 意义。 循序渐进，步步为营。2008年、2016年，连续发布两版《中长期铁路网规划 ...

Group 1 - China's high-speed rail operating mileage has surpassed 50,000 kilometers, establishing the world's largest and most advanced high-speed rail network [1] - By 2025, China's grain production is expected to reach 1,429.75 billion jin, setting a new record [1] - Shandong's GDP is projected to exceed 10 trillion yuan by 2025, showcasing the province's economic strength [1] Group 2 - The new round of technological revolution and industrial transformation is accelerating, emphasizing the importance of both immediate and long-term innovation efforts [2] - China's high-speed rail has evolved from non-existence to the world's most advanced level through consistent planning and execution from the "11th Five-Year Plan" to the "14th Five-Year Plan" [2] - International media highlights that China's technological innovation benefits from a carefully designed long-term national strategy [2] Group 3 - China possesses all industrial categories recognized by the United Nations, with significant advantages in manufacturing scale and industrial ecosystem completeness [3] - The country leads the world in the number of relevant patents in humanoid robotics over the past five years, indicating a surge in intelligent manufacturing [3] - Key core technologies cannot be acquired through purchase or negotiation, necessitating a focus on independent innovation [3] Group 4 - Innovation thrives on collaboration, with significant projects requiring systematic thinking and regional cooperation [4] - The C919 aircraft project involved over 30,000 people from more than 1,000 research institutions, universities, and companies across 20 provinces [4] - The Beidou satellite navigation system achieved breakthroughs in over 160 key technologies, showcasing the effectiveness of coordinated national efforts [4] Group 5 - China's innovation index has entered the world's top ten for the first time, with four Chinese achievements listed among the top ten scientific breakthroughs for 2025 by *Science* magazine [5] - The term "Chinese innovation" has gained global recognition, reflecting the country's ambition to drive economic growth through innovative breakthroughs [5]

Core Viewpoint - The report emphasizes the strategic importance of developing new quality productivity to achieve high-quality development during the 14th Five-Year Plan period and beyond, as articulated by key leaders in the Chinese government [2][3]. Group 1: Importance of New Quality Productivity - Developing new quality productivity is crucial for advancing high-quality development and achieving substantial progress in technological innovation and economic structure optimization [2][3]. - The 14th Five-Year Plan has seen significant achievements in economic strength and technological capabilities, marking a new historical stage for China's comprehensive national power [2][3]. - The concept of new quality productivity is a distinctive element of Xi Jinping's economic thought, providing scientific guidance for high-quality development in the new era [2][3]. Group 2: Theoretical Guidance for High-Quality Development - A new productivity theory is needed to guide high-quality development, as traditional theories must evolve to meet the challenges of the new development stage [3]. - The emphasis is on transforming and upgrading traditional momentum while fostering new momentum through localized development of new quality productivity [3]. Group 3: Strategic Advantages for Development - China possesses strategic advantages in developing new quality productivity, including institutional mechanisms, innovation ecosystems, and industrial systems [6][7][8][9][10]. - The institutional mechanism advantage includes effective national planning and macroeconomic governance that aligns various policies to support productivity growth [7]. - The innovation ecosystem is characterized by a concentration of advanced production factors and a vibrant environment for collaborative innovation [8]. - The industrial system advantage focuses on enhancing traditional industries and accelerating breakthroughs in emerging sectors, contributing to the overall development of new quality productivity [9]. Group 4: Key Actions for the 14th Five-Year Plan - The government plans to accelerate high-level technological self-reliance and strengthen the integration of technological and industrial innovation [11]. - Building a modern industrial system involves optimizing traditional industries and promoting strategic emerging industries [12][13]. - Enhancing the domestic market and expanding high-level opening-up are essential for fostering new quality productivity [14][15]. - Regional economic layout optimization and promoting green transformation are also prioritized to support sustainable development [15][16]. - Ensuring common prosperity through investment in human capital and improving living standards is a key focus area [16].

Group 1 - Hydrogen energy and nuclear fusion are highlighted as key future industries in China's "14th Five-Year Plan" [1] - Nuclear fusion is described as a clean, safe, and abundant energy source, often referred to as humanity's "ultimate energy" [1] - The essence of all energy sources, including coal, oil, and renewable energies, is derived from solar energy, which originates from nuclear fusion reactions [1] Group 2 - The Hefei Science Island, covering less than 3 square kilometers, is identified as the main hub for nuclear fusion research in China [3] - Significant milestones in nuclear fusion research include the EAST achieving a world record of 1 million degrees Celsius for 1066 seconds in January 2025 [3] - The construction of the next-generation compact fusion experimental device (BEST) has officially commenced, with the CRAFT facility expected to be completed by the end of 2025 [3] Group 3 - The CRAFT facility, also known as "Kua Fu," consists of 19 systems, with the "Chixiao" subsystem generating powerful plasma beams for material testing [5] - The development of tungsten-copper composite materials is crucial for nuclear fusion devices, showcasing China's advancements in material science [5][9] - The research and development of these materials reflect the broader progress in China's nuclear fusion field [5] Group 4 - Since the 1970s, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has designed and built four generations of Tokamak devices, which are the most mature technology for nuclear fusion [6] - The Tokamak operates by heating deuterium and tritium to form plasma, which is confined by a magnetic field to achieve fusion reactions [6] - Each step in achieving controlled nuclear fusion presents significant scientific and engineering challenges [6] Group 5 - The EAST facility, operational since 2006, is the world's first fully superconducting non-circular cross-section nuclear fusion experimental device [8] - The initial use of graphite materials in EAST was limited by their thermal resistance, prompting the need for advanced materials [8] Group 6 - The development of tungsten-copper composite materials faced numerous challenges, with the first successful component produced after four years of research [12] - The EAST facility has consistently broken records since the introduction of these domestic materials, culminating in a 1066-second plasma operation in January 2025 [12] - Achieving the 1000-second mark in EAST reflects a culmination of advancements across various technological domains [12] Group 7 - Nuclear fusion offers significant advantages over nuclear fission, including virtually unlimited fuel supply from seawater and inherent safety features [14] - The energy density of nuclear fusion is vastly superior, with 1 gram of fuel releasing energy equivalent to burning 8 tons of oil [14] - Despite its advantages, the path to practical nuclear fusion power generation remains long and challenging [14] Group 8 - Global nuclear fusion research is accelerating, requiring collaboration among talent, capital, and innovative mechanisms [16] - The Hefei region is exploring a new type of national system for nuclear fusion development, involving various stakeholders from state labs to private enterprises [16] - The establishment of the Anhui Province Fusion Industry Alliance aims to bridge the gap between research and industry [16] Group 9 - The evolving industrial ecosystem in nuclear fusion presents opportunities for new entrants, with initiatives like small-scale fusion devices being explored [18] - Successful nuclear fusion could provide clean, cheap, and limitless energy, driving advancements in superconductors, precision manufacturing, and special materials [19]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the vibrant development of China's sports sector as a reflection of Chinese-style modernization, showcasing unity, inclusiveness, and innovation in sports activities and events [3][5][12]. Group 1: Sports Events and Achievements - The 2025 National Games, co-hosted by Guangdong, Hong Kong, and Macau, marked a significant milestone as the first cross-border competition in the event's history, emphasizing collaboration under the "One Country, Two Systems" principle [5]. - The successful hosting of international events, such as the Harbin Asian Winter Games and Chengdu World Games, has set new benchmarks for sports organization and fostered international friendships [5][6]. - The "Su Super" football league attracted over 2.43 million spectators, with a record attendance of 62,329 at the finals, demonstrating the grassroots appeal of local sports events [6][8]. Group 2: Economic Impact and Development - The integration of sports with tourism and commerce has led to the rise of "event economy" and "ticket economy," significantly enriching the cultural and economic landscape [6]. - The ice and snow industry is projected to generate 1 trillion yuan by 2025, transforming cold resources into a hot economy and fostering new consumption scenarios and regional development [6]. - The State Council's policy aims to cultivate influential sports enterprises and events, targeting a sports industry scale exceeding 7 trillion yuan by 2030, contributing to high-quality economic development [6]. Group 3: Technological Innovation in Sports - Advances in embodied intelligence technology have enabled the emergence of robot athletes, showcasing China's innovative capabilities in integrating technology with sports [10][12]. - The development of domestic sports equipment is advancing in materials, design, and intelligence, enhancing both competitive sports and public fitness experiences [10][12]. Group 4: Institutional Innovation and Future Outlook - The exploration of a more market-oriented "new national sports system" and the integration of education and sports are aimed at creating a sustainable sports development ecosystem [12]. - The article emphasizes that a strong sports sector is integral to national strength and prosperity, with a call for continued contributions to the nation's development and rejuvenation [12].

Group 1 - The core message of the articles highlights the vibrant development of sports in China, showcasing the integration of sports with national development and the promotion of a strong sports culture [1][4][10] - The 2025 National Games, held across the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, marked a significant milestone as the first cross-border event, demonstrating the successful collaboration between the three regions under the "One Country, Two Systems" policy [3][4] - The popularity of grassroots sports events, such as the "City Super" and "Village Super," has attracted over 2.43 million spectators, indicating a growing interest in local sports and their economic impact [4][6] Group 2 - The ice and snow sports sector is projected to generate a market value of 1 trillion yuan by 2025, reflecting the transformation of cold resources into a vibrant economy and promoting regional development [6][10] - The integration of technology in sports is evident with the emergence of humanoid robots in competitions, showcasing China's advancements in cutting-edge technology and its application in sports [7][10] - The government's policies aim to cultivate world-class sports enterprises and events, with the sports industry expected to exceed 7 trillion yuan by 2030, emphasizing the importance of sports in the new development paradigm [6][10]

Core Viewpoint - The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has released guidelines to promote digital transformation in 14 key industries, aiming to shift China's manufacturing sector from fragmented exploration to systematic advancement [1] Group 1: Digital Transformation Goals - The essence of manufacturing digital transformation is to utilize data as a key driving factor, enabling digital upgrades across all processes from R&D to market services, ultimately reshaping the manufacturing system and evolving the industrial ecosystem [2] - The core objective is to build new productive forces, enhancing the quality, efficiency, and competitiveness of the manufacturing sector [2] - Despite historical achievements in digital transformation, challenges remain in meeting high-quality development standards and global manufacturing benchmarks [2] Group 2: Technological Independence - A solid foundation for digital transformation relies on technological independence and self-sufficiency in the industry, necessitating control over key core technologies in software and hardware [3] - Collaboration among academia, industry, and research institutions is essential to tackle common technological challenges and advance digital technologies in manufacturing [3] Group 3: Data Infrastructure and Governance - The full potential of data as a driving force for digital transformation depends on robust infrastructure and governance systems [4] - There is a need to enhance data infrastructure, such as 5G and industrial internet, ensuring coverage for industrial parks and SMEs [4] - Establishing a governance framework for data management is crucial to facilitate efficient and compliant data sharing across the industry [4] Group 4: Application Scenarios - Application scenarios serve as testing grounds for technological value and catalysts for industrial upgrades, leveraging China's diverse manufacturing landscape [5] - The focus should be on identifying and promoting typical digital application scenarios that address quality improvement, cost reduction, efficiency enhancement, and sustainability [5] - Enterprises are the main drivers of digital transformation, and collaboration among large, medium, and small enterprises can unleash significant potential [5] Group 5: Talent Development - Talent is the primary resource driving manufacturing development, necessitating collaboration between enterprises and educational institutions to cultivate a skilled workforce [6] - A digital talent training system should be established to produce professionals who are proficient in both manufacturing and digital technologies [6]