构建新发展格局最本质的特征是实现高水平的自立自强。 习近平总书记强调："要加快科技自立自 强。这是确保国内大循环畅通、塑造我国在国际大循环中新优势的关键。"回顾世界近现代历史， 每个阶段综合国力和国际竞争力领先的国家，都具有强大的科技自主创新能力。当前，技术创新进 2020年4月，在十九届中央财经委员会第七次会议上，习近平总书记首次提出构建新发展格局的战 略构想。5年多来，习近平总书记立足改革开放的时代要求，对构建新发展格局作出一系列重要论 述，为不断夯实我国经济发展的根基、增强发展的安全性稳定性指明了正确方向、提供了根本遵 循。我们要以习近平总书记系列重要论述为指引，从全局高度准确把握、积极推进加快构建新发展 格局这一重大战略部署，以经济高质量发展全面推进中国式现代化。 一、深刻领会构建新发展格局的丰富内涵 习近平总书记关于构建新发展格局的战略构想，是习近平经济思想中具有鲜明时代特征的原创性、 标识性概念。深刻领会、准确把握构建新发展格局的丰富内涵，必须坚持立足于国内大循环，处理 好国内循环和国际循环的关系，着力解决经济循环中的"卡脖子"和瓶颈问题，努力实现高水平的自 立自强，以构建新发展格局应对新变局、塑 ...

Group 1 - The core viewpoint emphasizes the importance of technological innovation as a foundation for China's modernization and high-quality development, as highlighted by Xi Jinping [1][2][3] - The article discusses the historical achievements and experiences in China's technological development, noting significant advancements in basic research and strategic high-tech fields [1][3][4] - The concept of a new type of national system under the leadership of the Communist Party is introduced, which has been crucial for China's technological achievements [2][3] Group 2 - The article stresses the need to inspire confidence among scientists in achieving high-level technological self-reliance, rooted in China's historical development and current capabilities [3][4] - It highlights the importance of promoting the spirit of scientists and scientific culture, addressing issues such as individualism and utilitarianism within the scientific community [4][5] - The necessity of integrating technological innovation with industrial innovation is emphasized, aiming to create a bridge for transforming scientific achievements into productive forces [7][8] Group 3 - The article outlines the strategic requirements for building a strong technological nation, summarizing essential elements such as the need for a robust talent pool and effective organizational structures [5][6] - It discusses the role of science popularization in enhancing public understanding and support for technological innovation, advocating for a comprehensive approach to science communication [8][9] - The importance of international cooperation in technology is highlighted, with a focus on building a global network for scientific exchange and collaboration [10][11] Group 4 - The article calls for a deepening of reforms within the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) to enhance its role as a bridge between the government and scientific community [11][12] - It emphasizes the need for strong organizational foundations and grassroots engagement to support technological development and innovation [14][15] - The commitment to uphold the spirit of reform and improve the operational efficiency of CAST is reiterated, aiming to better serve the scientific workforce [13][15]

Group 1 - The article emphasizes the significant role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in China's industrialization and economic development since the establishment of the new China and the reform and opening-up policy [2][3] - It highlights the importance of a unified and ambitious government in achieving industrialization, contrasting China's efforts with earlier attempts during the Self-Strengthening Movement [3] - The strategic choice to prioritize heavy industry in the early years of the new China is discussed, showcasing the influence of Soviet models and the resulting structure of SOEs [3][4] Group 2 - The article outlines the advantages of China's socialist system in mobilizing resources for large-scale projects, citing examples like the "Two Bombs, One Satellite" and major infrastructure achievements [4] - It discusses the role of party leadership in building a dedicated workforce, exemplified by the spirit of workers and scientists who contributed to the industrial system's resilience and growth [5] - The narrative of reform and opening-up is presented, illustrating how China capitalized on technological advancements and market opportunities to develop a comprehensive industrial system [5][6] Group 3 - The article addresses the current challenges posed by Western pressures on China's industrialization, emphasizing the critical role of SOEs as the backbone of the socialist economy [6] - It advocates for the digital transformation of SOEs, highlighting the need for innovation and modernization in traditional industries to enhance productivity [6][7] - The importance of strategic emerging industries is discussed, with examples of SOEs diversifying into renewable energy, biotechnology, and new materials [7] Group 4 - The article stresses the pivotal role of SOEs in the new type of national system, which combines market mechanisms with government initiatives to foster innovation [7][8] - It emphasizes the need for talent development and the cultivation of skilled professionals to support the long-term goals of new industrialization [8] - The publication of the book "National Industrial Code" is positioned as a guide for future industrial development, aiming to inspire collaboration among stakeholders in the industrial sector [8]

Core Insights - The meeting between the president of the China Association for Science and Technology (CAST) and young scientific talents highlighted the critical window period for artificial intelligence (AI), which presents numerous opportunities for young scientists [1][4]. Group 1: AI and Opportunities - The president of CAST, Wan Gang, emphasized that AI is reshaping various fields, including science, engineering, agriculture, and medicine, and is providing many opportunities for young scientific talents [4]. - Wan Gang suggested that young scientists should be self-reliant and acquire interdisciplinary technical knowledge and experience to leverage AI effectively [4]. Group 2: New Energy Vehicles - Wan Gang discussed the rapid development of China's new energy vehicle (NEV) industry, which has contributed to national energy security and reduced air pollution, providing new ideas for the stable development of the automotive industry [3]. - He noted that the development of strategic emerging industries requires clear strategic goals and a defined path for industrialization, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between academia and industry, as well as international cooperation [3]. Group 3: Career Planning for Graduates - Wan Gang addressed the career choices facing university graduates, including further research, employment, or entrepreneurship, and stressed the need for self-assessment based on individual circumstances [4]. - He highlighted the importance of systematic knowledge, academic innovation, and long-term focus for those pursuing research, while also noting the value of experience accumulation for those entering the workforce [4]. Group 4: Science Communication and Research - Wan Gang pointed out that scientific innovation and science popularization are two wings of a scientific worker's growth, promoting a mutually beneficial relationship between the two [5]. - He encouraged young scientists to engage in science communication as a way to enhance their understanding of research work and improve research efficiency [5]. Group 5: Scientific Spirit - Wan Gang recommended that young scientists visit the China Science Museum to immerse themselves in the spirit of scientists, which can inspire them in their own scientific journeys [7].

成飞航空主题教育基地门口，一面300多米长的文化墙，吸引不少人驻足：从河里捞木头建厂房、穿着 破背心造飞机、试飞员与研制人员相拥而泣……一张张老照片，讲述着航空工业的历史，更将航空报国 精神定格为永恒。 传承发扬好航空报国精神，我们的战机必将飞得更高、决胜苍穹。 打造一代名机，离不开一代代接力。研制飞机动辄以十年为计，这场"马拉松"背后是几代成飞人的毕生 奉献和接续奋斗。从望尘莫及到同台竞技，航空强国的路程漫长而孤独，正是因为有一大批人甘坐冷板 凳、十年磨一剑，我们才一步步缩小差距、跻身一流。 《 人民日报 》（ 2025年06月25日 07 版） 打造一代名机，离不开一次次突围。战机是大量尖端科技的集成，从研制歼—5甲到歼—20，其间有外 国专家撤离，有设备脱钩断链，也少不了技术封锁打压，每一型战机都遭遇过重重难关，但回过头看， 我们都跨越过来了。从中，能看到飞机研制队伍的矢志攻坚，更能看到我国科技实力和产业能力的整体 突围。当自力更生、自立自强形成共识，中国创新必能不畏霸凌、破壁前行。 (责编：赵欣悦、袁勃) 打造一代名机，离不开一场场协作。采访时，听到最多的就是"型号任务是最大的政治""国家利益高于 一 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the necessity of strengthening China's digital economy as a national priority, highlighting the importance of a new type of national system to achieve this goal [3][10][12]. Group 1: Digital Economy Development - The digital economy is rapidly evolving, with significant advancements in technologies such as big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, making it a key variable in global competition [3][10]. - China's digital economy has grown from 22.6 trillion yuan to 45.5 trillion yuan (approximately 7.1 trillion USD) from 2016 to 2021, with an average nominal growth rate of 16.2% [23][26]. - As of 2021, the global digital economy scale reached 38.1 trillion USD, accounting for 45% of GDP, with a nominal growth rate of 15.6%, surpassing the growth rate of nominal GDP by 2.5 percentage points [10][11]. Group 2: National System and Its Importance - The "national system" refers to the mobilization of state power to achieve national goals, characterized by its unique ability to integrate vast resources [4][5]. - The high costs and potential risks associated with the national system necessitate careful consideration of its benefits versus costs, particularly in the context of digital technology development [5][6]. - Historical examples, such as the construction of the Great Wall and the Grand Canal, illustrate the effectiveness of the national system in addressing significant challenges [6][7]. Group 3: Digital Technology and Economic Structure - Digital technology is identified as the cornerstone of the digital economy, with its development being crucial for overcoming existing bottlenecks [15][18]. - China's advantages in data and internet infrastructure are contrasted with its disadvantages in critical digital technologies, particularly in semiconductor manufacturing [14][15]. - The article stresses that the competition in the digital economy ultimately hinges on advancements in digital technology [15][18]. Group 4: New Type of National System - The new type of national system must evolve to be more market-oriented and inclusive, adapting to the demands of the digital economy [12][19]. - The integration of government mechanisms with market mechanisms is essential for fostering innovation in digital technology [22]. - The article advocates for a focus on key core digital technologies, such as quantum information and integrated circuits, to drive overall advancements in the digital economy [18][19]. Group 5: Future Prospects - The article concludes that the next phase is critical for establishing China as a global leader in the digital economy, leveraging its unique advantages and addressing technological gaps [25][26]. - China's digital market demand and infrastructure are positioned to support rapid growth, with significant potential in emerging sectors like industrial internet and smart cities [26][27]. - The establishment of a robust governance structure for digital economy development is highlighted as a key factor for success [26].

Group 1 - The core argument emphasizes the necessity of innovation-driven growth for achieving high-quality development in China, highlighting the strategic importance of technology modernization to support national development goals by 2035 [1] - The article discusses the historical significance of technology as a fundamental driving force for the rise and fall of major powers, asserting that enhancing independent innovation capabilities is essential for addressing major risks and seizing strategic opportunities [1] - It stresses the importance of a unified leadership system for technology work under the Communist Party, indicating that improvements are needed in the management system for national science and technology projects [2] Group 2 - The construction of national strategic scientific and technological forces is crucial, with a focus on addressing gaps in core technologies and enhancing organizational efficiency in strategic technology initiatives [3] - The article highlights the significant role of market forces in driving technological innovation, noting that approximately 80% of R&D investment comes from enterprises, and emphasizes the need for enterprises to take a leading role in major technology projects [3] - It points out the importance of combining goal-oriented approaches with free exploration in building a strong foundation for becoming a world-leading technology power, while also recognizing the need for improved basic research investment and ecosystem [4]

Core Viewpoint - The meeting highlighted China's commitment to developing manned spaceflight, with plans to achieve manned lunar landing by 2030, showcasing the collective efforts and advancements in space technology over the past 30 years [1][4]. Group 1: Achievements in Manned Spaceflight - China has made significant achievements in manned spaceflight, establishing a national-level "space laboratory" and creating internationally leading scientific experiment cabinets [4][5]. - The development of these technologies is a result of self-reliance and innovation, with a focus on optimizing systems and avoiding past mistakes [5][6]. Group 2: Spirit and Culture of Space Exploration - The spirit of perseverance and dedication among Chinese astronauts is emphasized, reflecting a legacy of hard work and commitment to overcoming challenges in space exploration [5][6]. - The culture of rigorous training and preparation is crucial for astronauts, ensuring they are well-equipped to handle the demands of space missions [6][7]. Group 3: International Collaboration and Breakthroughs - The use of scientific experiment cabinets has led to breakthroughs in various fields, including genetics and materials science, demonstrating China's capability to achieve results on par with international standards [4][5].

Group 1 - Shenzhen has attracted top global talent, with 920 scholars selected as top 2% scientists, leading the nation in R&D personnel [1][6] - The recent policy document emphasizes the integration of education, technology, and talent reform as a priority for Shenzhen's development [1][2] - Shenzhen's R&D expenditure intensity reached 6.46% in 2023, with corporate R&D investment consistently above 90%, peaking at 93.3% [6][7] Group 2 - The new policy aims to create a collaborative network among government, industry, academia, and research, enhancing the role of enterprises in innovation [2][9] - Shenzhen's educational institutions are rapidly evolving, with 17 universities established and a focus on aligning higher education with economic needs [6][11] - The establishment of the Shenzhen Medical Academy, led by renowned scientist Yan Ning, reflects the city's commitment to innovative research and talent cultivation [9][10] Group 3 - The policy encourages a market-oriented approach to research management, allowing for greater autonomy in project selection and funding allocation [9][10] - Young researchers and teams are highlighted as key drivers of innovation, with a significant proportion of research personnel being under 40 years old [8][11] - Shenzhen's experience in integrating education and industry serves as a model for national talent development strategies [11][12]

Core Viewpoint - The recent document issued by the Central and State Council emphasizes the importance of integrating education, technology, and talent reforms in Shenzhen, marking a shift from previous priorities focused on market mechanisms [1][4]. Group 1: Reform Focus - The new reform tasks prioritize the integration of education, technology, and talent systems, highlighting the urgent need for these reforms in light of the global AI-driven technological revolution [1][4]. - Shenzhen aims to explore new paths for establishing a robust national system and achieving high-level technological self-reliance [2][4]. Group 2: Past Achievements - The first round of reform measures has been fully implemented, with notable initiatives such as mixed-use land reforms and the establishment of the Shenzhen Data Exchange [3]. - Shenzhen's development momentum has significantly improved, maintaining innovation levels and openness despite complex international conditions [3]. Group 3: New Initiatives - The document outlines innovative measures for new-type research institutions, including market-oriented salary management and deepening research funding management reforms [4][5]. - The introduction of a project manager system in research institutions aims to enhance market-oriented operations and reduce administrative dominance in research projects [5]. Group 4: Open Economy - The document emphasizes building a higher-level open economic system, with specific measures aimed at enhancing cooperation with Hong Kong and Macao [6][7]. - Detailed initiatives include increasing designated entry and exit points for yacht tourism and exploring the applicability of central bank digital currency in cross-border contexts [7].