Group 1 - The core viewpoint of the report indicates that traditional overseas power supply manufacturers are facing risks of reshaping their market landscape due to the large-scale application of 800Vdc technology, prompting them to seek collaboration or outsourcing with Chinese companies [1] - Chinese companies possess key advantages such as accumulated power electronics technology, rapid response capabilities, and high-quality engineering teams, which may allow them to participate as Tier 1 suppliers in the upgrade process and potentially achieve excellent returns [1] Group 2 - The current power supply system for data centers relies on UPS as the primary power source, with electricity first entering through the utility grid and being transformed through various voltage levels before reaching the cabinets [1] - According to NVIDIA's white paper, the second-generation solution will introduce new HVDC systems while retaining UPS as a transitional element, expected to be implemented in NVL144 cabinets by the second half of 2026 [2] - The third generation will eliminate UPS and incorporate self-generation facilities and electrochemical storage to handle power fluctuations from AI loads, with applications anticipated in NVL576 cabinets by the second half of 2027 [2] - The fourth generation aims to further integrate HVDC, transformers, and distribution systems, promoting the use of medium-voltage rectifiers and solid-state transformers, with structural innovations expected to be commercially available by 2028 and technological breakthroughs by 2029-2030 [2]

Core Viewpoint - The report from China Merchants Securities highlights the transition from traditional UPS systems to HVDC solutions in data centers due to increasing ICT equipment power density, which reveals the limitations of traditional UPS in efficiency, heat dissipation, and space utilization [1] Group 1: ICT Power Density Upgrade - The upgrade in ICT power density is driving the shift from traditional UPS to HVDC systems for primary power supply in data centers [1] - Data center power supply is structured in multiple levels, with primary power typically provided by UPS or HVDC systems, while secondary and tertiary power supplies cater to IT loads and chip-level requirements [1] - Traditional AC UPS systems are becoming inadequate in terms of load capacity, space efficiency, and economic viability, leading to HVDC becoming the mainstream technology for large and super-large data centers [1] Group 2: Development of 800V HVDC Solutions - Companies like NVIDIA are accelerating the development of 800V HVDC ecosystems by collaborating with power solution providers and upstream power device suppliers [2] - The overseas HVDC systems are more advanced than domestic solutions, incorporating components like BBU, supercapacitors, PDU, and Power Shelf, which enhance system performance and reliability [2] - Domestic HVDC solutions primarily rely on traditional architectures with lower voltage levels and lack the integration capabilities seen in overseas systems, particularly for AI load adaptation [2] Group 3: Opportunities for Chinese Companies - The large-scale adoption of HVDC may reshape the competitive landscape for traditional external power supply manufacturers, creating opportunities for Chinese companies to engage in OEM or collaborative product development [3] - Chinese firms possess advantages in power electronics technology, rapid response capabilities, and skilled engineering teams, positioning them well to enter overseas markets and achieve significant returns [3]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that the increasing power density of ICT equipment is driving the upgrade from traditional UPS to HVDC systems, which are becoming the mainstream power supply solution for large and ultra-large data centers due to their efficiency, simple structure, and better power supply radius [1][2] - The power supply for data centers is categorized into multiple levels, with the primary power supply transitioning from UPS to HVDC systems as traditional UPS systems struggle with capacity, space efficiency, and economic viability [1] - Overseas companies, including Nvidia, are accelerating the development of 800V HVDC ecosystems, collaborating with power solution companies and upstream power device suppliers to implement these solutions [2] Group 2 - Chinese companies are positioned to seize opportunities in the power supply transformation, as traditional external power supply manufacturers face risks of market restructuring, prompting them to seek collaboration with Chinese firms for product development [3] - The accumulated expertise in power electronics, rapid response capabilities, and quality engineering teams of Chinese companies are seen as key advantages that could facilitate their entry into overseas systems through OEM partnerships [3] - Recommended companies to watch in the HVDC space include Kehua Data, Megmeet, Kstar, Sungrow Power, Zhongheng Electric, Shenghong Technology, and Hewei Electric, along with supporting companies like Weilan Lithium, Siyuan Electric, Jianghai Co., Jinpan Technology, Igor, and Sifang Co [4]

Investment Rating - The report provides a strong buy recommendation for several companies in the HVDC and power equipment sector, including Kehua Data, Kstar, Sungrow, and others [3][8]. Core Insights - The report highlights the transition from traditional UPS systems to HVDC as a key trend for powering large data centers, driven by increasing ICT equipment power density and the limitations of existing UPS technology [1][9]. - It emphasizes the opportunity for Chinese companies to participate in the HVDC supply chain, particularly as overseas firms seek collaboration and outsourcing due to the rapid evolution of technology [1][43]. Industry Overview - The industry consists of 303 listed companies with a total market capitalization of 7,321.6 billion [4]. - The absolute performance of the power equipment and new energy sector has shown significant growth, with a 12-month increase of 45.3% [6]. Key Companies and Financial Metrics - Kehua Data (002335.SZ): Market Cap 35.6 billion, 2025 EPS 1.18, PE 58.3, Investment Rating: Strong Buy [3]. - Kstar (002518.SZ): Market Cap 24.4 billion, 2025 EPS 0.99, PE 42.2, Investment Rating: Strong Buy [3]. - Sungrow (300274.SZ): Market Cap 303.8 billion, 2025 EPS 6.59, PE 22.2, Investment Rating: Strong Buy [3]. - Other notable companies include Megmeet, Shenghong, and Hewei Electric, all receiving strong buy ratings [3][8]. HVDC Technology Adoption - The report discusses the shift towards HVDC systems as a more efficient alternative to UPS, particularly for large-scale data centers, highlighting the advantages of reduced energy conversion losses and lower copper usage [31][34]. - It notes that the efficiency of HVDC systems can be 2-3% higher than traditional UPS systems, with significant reductions in copper requirements [31][34]. Opportunities for Chinese Companies - The report identifies potential opportunities for Chinese firms to engage in OEM and direct supply for HVDC systems, as established overseas companies look to leverage local expertise and manufacturing capabilities [1][54]. - Companies like Kehua Data, Megmeet, and Kstar are positioned to benefit from this trend due to their existing technological capabilities and market presence [55][56]. Related Companies - The report highlights several companies involved in HVDC technology and related components, including: - Kehua Data: Leading in HVDC solutions for various data center applications [55]. - Megmeet: Established in server power supply and expanding into HVDC [56]. - Kstar: Strong background in power electronics and renewable energy solutions [57]. - Sungrow: Notable for its global leadership in power electronics and potential in HVDC [58]. - Hewei Electric: Focused on high-power electronics and emerging HVDC applications [61].