Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes the importance of data as a new production factor and strategic resource in the digital economy, highlighting China's initiatives and policies to promote data utilization and market development [1][4]. Group 1: Data as a New Production Factor - Data has become a fundamental and strategic element in economic and social development, influencing production, circulation, distribution, and consumption activities [1]. - The establishment of data trading institutions in China since 2015 reflects the active exploration of data transactions, leading to valuable experiences and outcomes [1]. Group 2: Challenges in Data Ownership - The issue of data ownership is a significant barrier to market development, with a lack of theoretical consensus and practical experience being common challenges both domestically and internationally [2]. - Data ownership has a "dual nature," involving both the factual subject (the source of data) and the recording subject (the entity that collects and stores data) [2]. Group 3: Rights Associated with Data - Data ownership includes general rights similar to other production factors, as well as unique rights such as privacy rights, permission rights, and deletion rights, making the allocation of these rights complex [3]. - The difficulty in defining data ownership is compounded by the complexity of pricing mechanisms, non-standard product forms, and diverse transaction methods [3]. Group 4: Pathways to Data Ownership Clarity - Clear ownership is essential for market mechanisms to function effectively, and data ownership should be addressed through ongoing development and practice [4]. - Emphasis should be placed on the open sharing of public data, which can optimize resource allocation and maximize welfare [4]. - Research into the market circulation of enterprise data is crucial, especially with the rise of technologies like industrial internet and artificial intelligence [4]. Group 5: Technological Foundations for Data Ownership - Technological advancements are more critical than institutional and legal factors in establishing data ownership and facilitating data transactions [5]. - Breakthroughs in key technologies such as privacy computing, blockchain, and data anonymization are necessary for effective implementation of data ownership frameworks [6]. Group 6: Data as a Strategic Resource - The "data dividend" is seen as a new driving force for high-quality development, with the potential value of data increasing with its volume and diversity [6]. - The establishment of a national data center could help aggregate vast amounts of data, positioning it as a crucial strategic resource for the country [6].