Core Viewpoint - The review criticizes the Beijing People's Art Theatre's adaptation of "Hamlet," highlighting that the director's self-indulgent changes led to a chaotic and disjointed performance that undermined the original play's essence [1][2][4]. Adaptation and Interpretation - The adaptation of "Hamlet" is noted for its significant deviations from the original text, including rearranging scenes and altering character interactions, which may be seen as both innovative and detrimental [2][4]. - The opening line of the original play, "Who is there?" is replaced with a paraphrase of Hamlet's famous soliloquy, which diminishes the dramatic impact of the opening [3][4]. Character Dynamics - The review points out that the interactions between characters, particularly Hamlet and Horatio, are poorly executed, with unnecessary interruptions that disrupt the narrative flow [4][6]. - The portrayal of the relationship between Hamlet and his mother, Gertrude, is criticized for being overly explicit and inappropriate, straying from the psychological nuances present in the original text [13][14]. Thematic Elements - The ghost of King Hamlet, a central figure in the original play, is diminished in importance in this adaptation, which affects the thematic exploration of doubt and existential inquiry that defines the work [8][11]. - The adaptation fails to capture the essence of Hamlet's internal conflict and the philosophical questions surrounding existence and morality, which are pivotal to the play's impact [10][11]. Cultural Context - The review emphasizes the importance of understanding the original text and its cultural significance when adapting Shakespeare's works for a different language and audience, suggesting that innovation should not come at the cost of fidelity to the source material [15].

Core Perspective - Leonardo da Vinci's "The Last Supper" is not only a pinnacle of Renaissance art but also a timeless monument in human civilization, reflecting complex human emotions and the spirit of an era [1] Group 1: Technological Innovation and Historical Context - The painting was commissioned by Duke Ludovico Sforza for the refectory of the Santa Maria delle Grazie church during a time of political turmoil and cultural innovation in late 15th-century Milan [2] - Da Vinci employed a mixed technique of tempera and oil on a dry plaster wall, which led to preservation issues, making it a classic example of the conflict between artistic innovation and preservation [2] - His interdisciplinary approach, integrating anatomy and optics into the artwork, exemplifies the Renaissance spirit of blending art and science [2] Group 2: Revolutionary Composition and Visual Language - The composition breaks from medieval iconography, with Jesus at the center and the apostles arranged in groups, creating dynamic tension through body language and expressions [3] - The use of single-point perspective draws the viewer into the scene, enhancing the immersive experience and influencing future stage design [3] Group 3: Philosophical Expression of Light and Color - Da Vinci's mastery of chiaroscuro creates a dramatic contrast between light and shadow, symbolizing the duality of light and darkness [4] - The color palette, dominated by earth tones, emphasizes the vibrancy of Jesus' attire, reinforcing the theme of unity between divinity and humanity [4] Group 4: Cultural Significance and Timeless Influence - The painting transforms a biblical narrative into a human drama, reflecting the Renaissance's humanistic ideals [6] - Its influence extends to various art forms and modern media, serving as a symbol of betrayal and loyalty in contemporary culture [6] Group 5: Controversies and Mysteries - The restoration history of "The Last Supper" has sparked debates over the balance between preservation and historical integrity [7] - Misinterpretations of the artwork, such as those presented in popular culture, highlight its enduring ability to inspire imagination and discussion [7]