Group 1 - The changing population structure and the reduction of kindergarten and primary school teachers are significantly impacting teacher training institutions, leading to mergers and rebranding efforts among local normal universities to enhance their competitiveness [2] - Normal universities are diversifying their programs, with nearly 25% of normal undergraduate institutions adding three or more engineering majors in the past three years, focusing on fields like artificial intelligence and renewable energy [2] - The overall enrollment in higher education institutions is expected to be affected by the declining birth rate, with private colleges and vocational schools likely to face the most significant challenges [2] Group 2 - Some universities are already experiencing enrollment shortages, with ordinary undergraduate institutions struggling to fill spots even after multiple rounds of recruitment [3] - The peak of the higher education age population is projected for 2032, after which a significant decline is expected, potentially reducing the student base by over 41% compared to the peak in 2016 [3][4] - Experts predict that some affected universities may face closure due to the drastic changes in enrollment and competition in the education sector [5]