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年度重磅!《中国-世界高等教育趋势报告(2026)》正式发布
Sou Hu Cai Jing· 2026-01-01 04:11
人口变化冲击传导: 2026年1月1日,《中国-世界高等教育趋势报告(2026)》正式发布。这是麦可思连续第四年发布高等教育趋势报告。报告立足全球视角,系统梳理了在 人口结构变化、人工智能技术演进与资金资源约束交织背景下,高等教育正在发生的深层变革。 中国- -世界 高等教育 告 2026 【 | | | | 麦可思研究 China and the World: Trends in Higher Education 2026 高校只剩下最后七年的关键窗口期 报告显示,人口结构变化正在深刻重塑全球高等教育的未来。在中国,"少子化"已冲击基础教育,并将向高等教育传导。根据官方预测,中国高等教育学 龄人口将在2032年达到峰值,高校生源拐点日益逼近。 在此背景下,高校分化趋势将明显加速。一批不具备明显竞争优势或办学特色的院校,或将率先面临生源与发展挑战。日本是全球最早遭受少子化冲击的 国家之一。一项研究明确指出,在日本高等教育体系中,受人口下降影响最为严重的机构集中在规模较小的院校、私立大学、位于农村的大学等。报告认 为,未来七年将是高校结构调整的关键窗口期。 学历价值被重新定义: 从"拿文凭"转向"看能力" 人口 ...
反思独居蒋女士离世事件:补齐制度缺口,让每个人从容老去
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-22 12:54
每经编辑|金冥羽 董兴生 家住上海虹口区的46岁独居人士蒋女士,12月14日因病离世,但她的遗产不能用来购买墓地,引发舆论广泛关注。近日,她的善后事宜有了新进展。 虹口区民政局表示,预计12月底前举行告别仪式。12月22日,居委会将向法院申请确认遗产管理人,后续若区民政局被指定为遗产管理人,将依法清理遗 产、处理债权债务;剩余财产经法定程序后,将用于扶贫济困等公益事业。 蒋女士事件如同一面镜子,照出了正在变迁的人口结构中,作为独居群体的个体在最脆弱时刻,可能遭遇的制度性缺失。 最后是个体事前法律安排的高门槛与低普及。理论上,蒋女士可通过预先设立意定监护(指定可信赖的人在本人失能时代理事务)或订立详尽的遗嘱来避 免上述困境。但实践中,公众对此类法律工具知晓率低、设立过程复杂、心理上有忌讳,导致绝大多数人并未提前安排。 蒋女士的遭遇,绝非偶然的个例。在老龄化、少子化、"原子化"趋势并行的今天,类似结构的家庭(或非家庭)数量正在增长。她的故事是一个尖锐的预 警:我们的社会系统,是否准备好承接无数可能陷入类似境地的"蒋女士"?制度的优化,需要超越对单个环节的修补,进行系统性重构。 比如,可以建立针对突发失能成年人的" ...
“打工人”正逐渐老去:全国劳动人口平均年龄逼近40岁
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-20 05:44
Core Insights - The average age of China's labor force is approaching 40 years, with significant differences across demographics and regions [1][5][11] - The overall quality of the labor force is improving, with the average years of education increasing from 6.14 years in 1985 to 11.03 years in 2023 [2][5] - The total human capital in China reached 43.76 trillion yuan in 2023, with urban human capital accounting for 91.63% of the total [3][4] Labor Force Age Trends - The average age of the national labor force has risen from 32.25 years in 1985 to 39.66 years in 2023, with rural labor aging faster than urban labor [1][5] - Inner Mongolia has the highest average labor force age at 41.19 years, while Xinjiang has the youngest at 37.49 years [7][8] Education and Human Capital - The average years of education for the labor force increased significantly, with urban areas showing higher educational attainment compared to rural areas [2][5] - The per capita human capital rose from 44,300 yuan in 1985 to 768,700 yuan in 2023, indicating a substantial increase in individual human capital [4] Regional Disparities - There are notable regional disparities in labor force age and education levels, with economically developed provinces having higher educational attainment and younger labor forces [4][10] - The labor force in economically developed regions like Beijing and Shanghai has a higher average education level compared to less developed regions like Guizhou and Yunnan [5][10] Policy Implications - The report highlights the need to address the "35-year-old threshold" in the job market, which is increasingly seen as a barrier to employment for older workers [12][13] - Suggestions include enhancing educational resources and creating a comprehensive vocational training system to bridge the gap between urban and rural labor markets [6][10]
蔡昉:年轻群体与大龄劳动者面临就业困难,应该消除就业歧视和技能缺口
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-18 04:12
他明确提出,应该消除就业歧视和技能缺口,需创新机制保障新就业形态劳动者权益,破解传统社保体 系覆盖难题,推动劳动力市场制度与普惠社保惠及全体就业人群。"随着积极应对老龄化战略的推进, 应该把消除年龄歧视概念写进就业扩大法里面去" 在资源配置方面,蔡昉建议统筹利用少子化带来的闲置教育资源。数据显示,幼儿园至中职阶段教育机 构与在校生数量持续下降,他主张对这些资源进行重组再利用以支撑人力资本培养。 新浪声明:所有会议实录均为现场速记整理,未经演讲者审阅,新浪网登载此文出于传递更多信息之目 的,并不意味着赞同其观点或证实其描述。 责任编辑:李思阳 专题:财经年会2026:预测与战略暨2025全球财富管理论坛 《财经》年会2026:预测与战略暨2025全球财富管理论坛于2025年12月18-20日在北京举行。第十三届 全国人大常委,中国社会科学院学部委员、原副院长蔡昉在演讲中表示,就业人群的年龄两极分化,是 就业结构性矛盾的另一重要表现。 蔡昉结合分年龄城镇就业率数据说明,年轻劳动者就业率长期偏低,传统上因工作经验不足受企业审慎 对待的问题,在AI时代更趋严峻。"ChatGPT等技术已能替代法学专业毕业生从事的卷宗整 ...
2025年中信保诚基金投资者服务活动第7站:经济增速放缓就没有行情?你可能误解了A股的节奏
Xin Lang Cai Jing· 2025-12-09 08:53
Core Viewpoint - The article emphasizes that economic slowdown does not necessarily equate to a lack of investment opportunities in the stock market, highlighting historical instances where significant market rallies occurred during periods of economic challenges [3][4][14]. Group 1: Historical Market Performance - Historical data shows that major market uptrends in A-shares often occurred during economic slowdowns, such as from 1995 to 2001, 2013 to 2015, and 2019 to 2021, indicating a disconnect between economic growth rates and stock market performance [6][15]. - The A-share market has shown a strong recovery since late September 2024, with the Shanghai Composite Index rebounding from low levels and achieving new highs, supported by favorable policies [3][4][14]. Group 2: Policy Support and Market Dynamics - Recent policy measures aimed at boosting the capital market include encouraging long-term funds to enter the market and promoting consumer confidence, which are expected to enhance market vitality [4][14]. - The current market environment is characterized by a "slow bull" trend, driven by policy support rather than solely economic growth [4][14]. Group 3: Investment Opportunities and Trends - The article identifies two significant structural changes in China: aging population and declining birth rates, which are creating new investment opportunities, particularly in healthcare and technology sectors [5][15][16]. - The healthcare sector is highlighted as having strong demand due to the prevalence of chronic diseases among the elderly, with policies encouraging the development of health insurance products for this demographic [16]. Group 4: Market Segmentation and Investment Strategies - Different market segments are expected to perform variably based on fundamentals, policies, and investor preferences, with some previously popular sectors likely to experience only moderate growth in the current market phase [8][17]. - Investment strategies should consider asset allocation models like the "Merrill Lynch Clock," adjusting portfolios according to economic phases, and employing dollar-cost averaging as a method to manage market volatility [17].
1291亿日元!日本大量遗产无人继承,被收归国有
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-04 14:49
据新华社12月4日报道,统计数据显示,2024财年,日本因无人继承而归入国库的财产总额达1291亿日 元(约合58.9亿元人民币),创下2013财年有相关记录以来的历史新高。 据日本广播协会报道,日本法律规定,一个人去世时若没有配偶、子女、父母、兄弟姐妹等继承人,或 未订立遗嘱,原则上无人可依法继承此人财产。此类财产需经家庭法院指定的清算人结清未缴税款、丧 葬费及其他相关费用,其余收归国家所有。 统计数据显示,2024财年日本国库收到的相关款项约为2013财年的3.8倍。 独居老人数量持续攀升 报道称,无人继承财产增加的一个关键原因是独居老人数量的持续攀升。这一现象与出生率下降、人口 老龄化、单身人口比例上升等多种原因有关。 据参考消息援引《日本经济新闻》网站12月4日报道,2025年在日本出生的日本籍婴儿数量预计约为 66.5万人,较上年减少3.0%。日本出生人口将连续两年跌破70万人,并再次刷新历史最低纪录。遏制少 子化趋势的路径目前仍不明朗。 该数据由日本综合研究所首席研究员藤波匠根据截至2025年11月已公布的人口动态统计数据推算得出。 报道称,今年日本出生人数将创下自1899年有统计数据以来的历史新 ...
1291亿日元!日本大量遗产无人继承,被收归国有!日专家:今年出生人数将创1899年以来新低
Mei Ri Jing Ji Xin Wen· 2025-12-04 14:32
两位老人在日本东京巢鸭附近散步 资料图 图片来源:新华社 统计数据显示,2024财年日本国库收到的相关款项约为2013财年的3.8倍。 每经编辑|段炼 据新华社12月4日报道,统计数据显示,2024财年,日本因无人继承而归入国库的财产总额达1291亿日元(约合58.9亿元人民币),创下2013财年有相关 记录以来的历史新高。 据日本广播协会报道,日本法律规定,一个人去世时若没有配偶、子女、父母、兄弟姐妹等继承人,或未订立遗嘱,原则上无人可依法继承此人财产。此 类财产需经家庭法院指定的清算人结清未缴税款、丧葬费及其他相关费用,其余收归国家所有。 自2016年以来,日本出生人口连续10年呈减少趋势。 报道说,2022年至2024年日本出生人口降幅保持在5%区间,2025年降幅将收窄至3%区间。但藤波指出:"出生人口形势依然严峻。年轻人的生育意愿较 低,即使结婚也不愿生孩子的情况有所增加。" 日本遗产继承相关机构律师吉田修平说,有的人即使去世时有法定继承人,但该继承人也可能出于年迈原因,不愿意办理相关手续,从而放弃继承。他认 为,去世时没有继承人的日本老人数量还会进一步增加,不过,这些老人也可提前订立遗嘱,将财产留 ...
香港小学生人数跌至30年新低,人才子女或填补生源?
3 6 Ke· 2025-11-27 02:27
11月24日,是中国香港特区小一新生自行分配学位结果公布的日子。随着相关结果公开,当地提出申请的适龄儿童人数已跌破4万反映出的学龄人口结构 性下跌现象,亦引发了当地对少子化及如何应对的新一轮关注。 本轮录取结果涉及到的是将于2026年9月入学的小一新生。按照中国香港特区教育局于11月21日公布的最新数据显示,今年共有37581人申请自行分配学 位,按年同比减少了4200人,跌幅约一成。另据该局推算,当地6岁适龄读小一的人口也将由今年的4.86万继续下跌,到2030年时仅为3.41万,整体下跌近 三成。如按分区计算,香港的湾仔、油尖旺、东区、荃湾和中西区的跌幅相对较大,幅度介于42.8%到55.6%。 不足3.8万名申请相关学位的小学生,是中国香港近30年来首次跌穿4万人的界线。受这一人数新低数字影响,今年当地小学生中有约1.9万人获得录取,成 功率达到52.3%,按年同比上升2.9个百分点,则是自2006年以来的新高。 具体而言,19656名小学生将在自行分配学位阶段获派学位,包括9477名世袭生,同比减少1167人;另外10179人则按计分方法获派学位。因此自行分配学 位成功率为52.3%,是2007年后当 ...
台拟放宽近亲结婚引争议
Jing Ji Guan Cha Wang· 2025-11-25 04:12
据台湾《联合报》24日报道,台湾现行规定,不得结婚的亲属包括直系血亲及直系姻亲,旁系血亲在六 亲等(如表侄孙)以内,旁系姻亲在五亲等以内。日前,高雄市发生一起婚姻无效诉讼,当事人夫妻在 2018年结婚,7年后调阅户籍资料时发现,一方外祖母与一方祖母为亲姐妹,违反规定,法院因此判决 婚姻无效。台"立法院法制局"发布报告称,现代社会家庭结构变迁,亲戚关系日渐疏远,可能在不知情 的情况下误触近亲禁婚规定。台湾1998年修法,基于优生学的考虑将旁系血亲禁婚范围定为六亲等以 内。报告认为,过去认为婚姻目的在于传宗接代,如今这种观念"狭隘",随着医疗科技进步,可在孕期 进行产检,报告建议将旁系血亲禁婚范围,适度限缩至四亲等(如表兄妹等)以内,同时建议将现行违 反近亲禁婚"婚姻无效",修正为"得撤销"。 岛内医学界大多持反对意见。台北荣总妇女医学部遗传优生学科主治医师张家铭表示,最大风险是常染 色体隐性疾病出现概率上升,从国际数据分析,一般孩子的先天缺陷率约2%至3%,表兄妹结婚后代的 这一风险上升到4%至6%。 经济观察网 据环球时报,台湾即将迈入超高龄社会,少子化议题成为安全危机。台"立法院法制局"为 此提出研究报告, ...
两条主线解题“十五五”人口变局
2 1 Shi Ji Jing Ji Bao Dao· 2025-11-13 14:21
Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the ongoing transformation of China's population structure, highlighting the increasing proportion of elderly individuals and the declining share of the youth population, as indicated by the latest statistics from the "China Statistical Yearbook (2025)" [2][5]. Population Structure Changes - In 2024, the proportion of the population aged 0-14 is projected to be 15.81%, while those aged 65 and above will reach 15.66%, indicating a near parity between these age groups [5][6]. - By 2024, 19 provinces will have over 14% of their population aged 65 and above, with 8 provinces exceeding 18%, up from 7 in 2023 [2][5]. - The elderly population is expected to surpass the youth population in the near future, with significant implications for labor demographics and social services [5][7]. Regional Population Dynamics - Different provinces exhibit varying population structures, with some like Shanghai showing a high elderly population (20.25%) compared to a low youth population (9.50%) [8]. - Regions such as Guangdong and Guizhou have a high youth population but lower elderly proportions, while others like Hunan and Hebei have balanced demographics [8]. Policy Recommendations - The "Guidance Document" emphasizes the need to develop a comprehensive population service system that addresses marriage, childbirth, education, employment, healthcare, housing, and elderly care [11][12]. - Key tasks include promoting positive attitudes towards marriage and childbirth, improving maternity insurance, and developing inclusive childcare services [12]. Employment of the Elderly - The article highlights the importance of utilizing elderly human resources, with the average life expectancy in China reaching 79 years in 2024, an increase of 3.6 years since 2012 [14]. - There is a call for creating a friendly employment environment for the elderly, including optimizing age restrictions in employment and developing diverse job opportunities for older workers [3][14]. Educational and Training Initiatives - The need for a training system for elderly employment skills is emphasized, particularly in digital literacy and job-specific skills [16][17]. - Programs like the "Silver Age Plan" aim to recruit retired teachers to enhance educational quality in rural areas, demonstrating the potential for elderly individuals to contribute positively to society [17].