2026.02. 12 本文字数：1655，阅读时长大约3分钟 作者 | 第一财经 林靖 近年来，教育行业受到学龄人口变化的影响明显，师范类高校加快转型调整。 2月7日，安徽师范大学宣布成立智能信息与先进制造学院、智能材料与未来能源学院、人工智能学 院等3个新工科学院，同时成立的还有旨在培养"懂科技、懂产业、懂资本、懂市场、懂管理"的复合 型科技产业组织人才的科技商学院。 揭牌仪式上，该校与奇瑞控股集团有限公司签署战略合作框架协议。未来，新工科学院学生将深度参 与企业研发和应用场景，在智能网联汽车、先进制造、新能源材料等领域实现"学业-产业-就业"无 缝衔接，打造校企共建学院的"奇瑞标准"和"师大样板"。 安徽师范大学党委书记蒋家平表示，新工科学院的成立，将为学校注入新的发展动能，促进该校从师 范教育为主向"师范底蕴+工科硬核"双轮驱动的深度转型，也将有助于破解师范院校在服务国家战 略、支撑地方发展与坚守师范主业之间可能出现的"两张皮"问题。 在高校专业结构优化调整的进程中，多地提出严格控制教育类专业的布点增设和招生规模，多所师范 类院校加快了新工科人才培养的布局。 例如，2025年9月4日，淮北师范大学人工 ...

在高校专业结构优化调整的进程中，多地提出严格控制教育类专业的布点增设和招生规模，多所师范类 院校加快了新工科人才培养的布局。 例如，2025年9月4日，淮北师范大学人工智能学院、能源科学与工程学院举行揭牌仪式。该校校长张焕 明指出，两所学院的成立，是学校响应教育强国建设和教育强省建设关于"深化新工科、实施新工科建 设行动"部署的重要举措，也是落实学校第三次党代会"优化学科布局、推进传统专业改造升级、实施学 科领校战略"部署的关键行动，更是学校构建"师范+工科"协同发展格局、提升教育质量与科研创新能 力、打造办学品牌的有力抓手。 麦可思研究院近期发布的《中国-世界高等教育趋势报告（2026）》（下称"报告"）显示，在专业结构 方面，师范院校正在打破传统的人才培养格局，向多学科发展。麦可思研究统计发现，近1/4的师范本 科院校在过去的3年里新增了3个及以上工科专业（不包括"二学位"）。 根据报告，师范院校新增的工科专业，以人工智能专业居多，其后是新能源材料与器件、材料科学与工 程、机器人工程、网络空间安全、智能建造等。这些专业普遍具有学科交叉性强、紧跟科技发展前沿、 注重实践与应用，并且与当前社会发展的热点领域相 ...

Group 1 - The changing population structure and the reduction of kindergarten and primary school teachers are significantly impacting teacher training institutions, leading to mergers and rebranding efforts among local normal universities to enhance their competitiveness [2] - Normal universities are diversifying their programs, with nearly 25% of normal undergraduate institutions adding three or more engineering majors in the past three years, focusing on fields like artificial intelligence and renewable energy [2] - The overall enrollment in higher education institutions is expected to be affected by the declining birth rate, with private colleges and vocational schools likely to face the most significant challenges [2] Group 2 - Some universities are already experiencing enrollment shortages, with ordinary undergraduate institutions struggling to fill spots even after multiple rounds of recruitment [3] - The peak of the higher education age population is projected for 2032, after which a significant decline is expected, potentially reducing the student base by over 41% compared to the peak in 2016 [3][4] - Experts predict that some affected universities may face closure due to the drastic changes in enrollment and competition in the education sector [5]

Core Insights - The number of global champion disciplines in Chinese mainland universities has increased to 21, with three new disciplines achieving world firsts in 2025 GRAS rankings [1][2] - The rankings reflect the growing emphasis on interdisciplinary studies in response to technological revolutions and industrial transformations [1][2] Group 1: Rankings and Achievements - Chinese mainland universities ranked first in three disciplines: Power Electronics Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering [1][2] - The total number of disciplines ranked in the GRAS has reached 57, covering five major fields: natural sciences, engineering, life sciences, medicine, and social sciences [1][2] - The United States maintains the lead with 27 disciplines ranked first, totaling 4,281 mentions, while Chinese universities follow with 3,747 mentions across 21 disciplines [2] Group 2: Institutional Highlights - Tsinghua University leads with seven champion disciplines, followed by Harvard University with eleven [2] - Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics each have one champion discipline [2] - The increase in champion disciplines indicates a shift from follower to leader status for several Chinese universities in their respective fields [2] Group 3: New Disciplines and Trends - The newly added champion disciplines include Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Science and Engineering, reflecting the growing importance of these fields [1][2] - The demand for professionals in Artificial Intelligence is projected to increase sixfold by 2030, highlighting the urgency for educational institutions to adapt [9][10] - The establishment of interdisciplinary research platforms and funding initiatives at institutions like Shanghai Jiao Tong University is driving innovation in health technology [5][9] Group 4: Policy and Structural Changes - The Ministry of Education's reform plan aims to optimize and adjust 20% of academic programs by 2025, leading to the establishment of 3,229 new undergraduate programs and the discontinuation of 2,534 [5][6] - The focus on strategic emerging industries and foundational disciplines is part of a broader initiative to cultivate top-tier innovative talent [6][7]

Core Insights - The article discusses the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) programs in teacher training universities in China, highlighting the establishment of AI colleges in institutions like Shaanxi Normal University and others [1][4][5] - There is a growing concern regarding the ability of these teacher training institutions to effectively deliver high-quality AI education due to their traditionally weaker engineering backgrounds and resource limitations [4][19][27] Group 1: Expansion of AI Programs - Over 600 universities in China have established AI programs, with teacher training institutions joining this trend [1][5] - In just one year, more than ten teacher training universities have added AI majors, reflecting a significant shift in academic focus [4][16] - Notable teacher training universities like Beijing Normal University and Huazhong Normal University have also initiated AI programs early on [3][12] Group 2: Challenges Faced by Teacher Training Universities - Concerns arise about the lack of engineering foundation in teacher training universities, questioning their capability to manage high-investment and high-technology AI disciplines [4][19] - The rapid evolution of AI knowledge poses a challenge for faculty members, many of whom may not be up-to-date with the latest developments in the field [31][30] - Teacher training universities often rely heavily on government funding, which limits their ability to attract top talent and invest in research compared to leading engineering schools [33][34] Group 3: Market Demand and Opportunities - The demand for AI professionals is surging, with a reported talent gap exceeding 5 million in China, particularly for technical roles [36] - The average monthly salary for AI professionals is approximately 25,000 yuan, indicating a lucrative job market [37] - Teacher training universities are encouraged to focus on the application of AI in education, leveraging their unique strengths in pedagogy to carve out a niche in the AI landscape [42][44] Group 4: Strategic Positioning - The future success of AI programs in teacher training universities may depend on their ability to integrate AI with traditional educational disciplines, creating a unique "AI+X" approach [45][46] - Institutions must avoid merely imitating top engineering schools and instead develop distinctive educational models that align with their strengths [45][46]

Core Viewpoint - The adjustment of undergraduate programs in various universities for the 2025 academic year is being implemented to align with emerging industries and societal needs, leading to the introduction of new programs and the discontinuation of less relevant ones [1][2][3]. Group 1: New Program Additions - Several universities, including Shenyang Aerospace University and Northeast Normal University, are proposing new programs such as Low-altitude Technology and Engineering, Data Science, and Intelligent Aircraft Technology, reflecting a trend towards fields that support national strategic needs and emerging industries [1][2][3]. - A total of 603 new programs have been proposed across over 150 universities, with a significant focus on areas like artificial intelligence, digital economy, and intelligent manufacturing [2]. Group 2: Program Discontinuations - Many programs are being discontinued due to poor employment prospects and misalignment with societal needs, with the top five discontinued programs from 2020 to 2024 being Information Management and Information Systems, Public Administration, and Marketing [4]. - The trend indicates a shift away from traditional programs that do not meet current market demands, with universities focusing on optimizing their offerings to better align with economic and technological advancements [4][5]. Group 3: Institutional Responses - Universities are establishing management measures to facilitate the transition of faculty from discontinued programs to related fields or administrative roles, ensuring a smooth adjustment process [6]. - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is attracting high-scoring students, prompting traditional institutions to reassess and streamline their program offerings to remain competitive [5].

Core Viewpoint - The adjustment of undergraduate programs in universities is crucial to meet the demands of economic and social development, as well as future needs [1] Group 1: Program Adjustments - Many universities are initiating adjustments to their undergraduate programs for the 2025 academic year, with a focus on optimizing their academic offerings [2] - Shenyang Aerospace University plans to add four new programs, including Low-altitude Technology and Engineering, while discontinuing six existing programs [2] - Northeast Normal University intends to withdraw seven programs, including Finance, and propose four new programs such as Data Science [3] - A total of 603 new programs have been proposed across over 150 universities, with a significant number focusing on emerging fields like Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy [3] Group 2: Policy and Strategic Direction - The Ministry of Education has issued guidelines emphasizing the need to align program offerings with national strategies, market demands, and technological advancements [4] - The guidelines encourage universities to develop programs in strategic emerging industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology [4] Group 3: Trends in Program Discontinuation - The number of discontinued programs is increasing due to factors like poor employment prospects and misalignment with societal needs [5] - The top five discontinued programs from 2020 to 2024 include Information Management and Information Systems, with 160 programs being cut [5] Group 4: Faculty Transition and Support - Universities are establishing measures to support faculty transitions when programs are discontinued, including reassignment to related fields or administrative roles [7] - Faculty members affected by program discontinuation may have opportunities to teach in related programs or transition to other academic roles [6][7]

Core Insights - The AI major has gained significant popularity among students, entering the top 10 of preferred fields for the first time, driven by high expectations for job prospects in the AI industry [2][9] - There is a stark contrast between the high demand for AI talent, with a reported shortage of 5 million positions, and the struggles faced by many graduates in securing relevant employment [9][14] - The job market for AI graduates is highly competitive, with top-tier graduates receiving lucrative offers while others face difficulties in finding jobs, leading to a perception of the field as a "trap" for some [4][7][12] Group 1: AI Education and Job Market Dynamics - The rapid expansion of AI education aligns with the industry's intense demand for skilled professionals, exemplified by Meta's recruitment of top talent with substantial signing bonuses [2][12] - Graduates from prestigious institutions often secure high-paying positions, with some earning between 450,000 to 1 million yuan annually, while others from less recognized schools struggle to find jobs [4][6] - The AI job market is characterized by a high level of competition, with many positions requiring significant experience, making it challenging for fresh graduates to enter the field [11][12] Group 2: Structural Issues in AI Talent Supply - Despite the reported talent shortage, many graduates lack the necessary skills and experience, leading to a mismatch between educational outcomes and industry needs [9][14] - The current educational framework for AI in many institutions is criticized for being inadequate, focusing on theoretical knowledge without sufficient practical application [14][15] - There is a call for educational reforms to better align AI training with industry requirements, emphasizing the need for hands-on experience and collaboration with tech companies [15][16]

Core Insights - Engineering majors dominate the list of popular fields for college admissions in 2025, with Electrical Engineering and Automation taking the top spot [1][3][4] - The popularity of engineering disciplines has significantly increased over the past decade, reflecting a shift in student preferences and job market demands [5][7] Summary by Categories Popular Majors - The top ten most searched majors in 2025 are all engineering-related, with Electrical Engineering and Automation leading the list [3][4] - Other highly sought-after engineering majors include Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Automation, Computer Science and Technology, and Artificial Intelligence [4][6] Changes Over the Decade - In 2015, popular majors included fields like Literature, Law, and Economics, while engineering disciplines were not represented in the top ten [5][6] - By 2020, engineering majors began to dominate, with Artificial Intelligence and Robotics gaining attention, although some non-engineering fields like E-commerce remained popular [5][6] Employment Trends - Factors influencing major selection include job prospects and personal interests, with engineering fields consistently showing high employment satisfaction and demand over the past decade [7][8] - The list of "green card" majors, indicating high employment satisfaction, has shifted to predominantly engineering fields, with Electrical Engineering and Automation emerging as a key player [7][8]

Group 1 - The core trend in the 2025 college entrance examination in Shandong shows a decline in the popularity of clinical medicine and a rise in interest in artificial intelligence and related interdisciplinary fields [2][3] - The admission ranks for clinical medicine programs at 37 universities in Shandong have generally decreased compared to 2024, with notable drops at prestigious institutions such as Tsinghua University and Peking University [3][4] - Despite the decline in clinical medicine, it remains a significant option for high-scoring students, with some programs still attracting high admission ranks [4] Group 2 - Students are increasingly prioritizing "certainty" in their major choices, leading to a preference for programs like public-funded and "cultural relics comprehensive talent" courses [5][6] - The introduction of the "cultural relics comprehensive talent" program in Shandong aims to strengthen the local workforce in cultural heritage protection, with graduates required to work in designated positions for at least five years [7] - The admission scores for public-funded teacher training programs have reached new highs, indicating a shift in student preferences towards stable career paths [6][7]