中国内地高校的全球冠军学科增加到21个。 随着新一轮科技革命和产业变革加速演进，很多新的研究方向都体现出交叉学科的特质，这也在高校学 科的专业设置和新的学科排名中得到体现。 日前，高等教育评价专业机构软科发布2025"软科世界一流学科排名"（下称"GRAS"）。今年的排名 中，中国内地高校在电力电子工程、生物医学工程、材料科学与工程3个学科首度问鼎世界第一，使得 中国内地高校的全球冠军学科增加到21个。 同时，今年的排名新增人工智能、机器人科学与工程两个学科，排名学科数达到57个，覆盖理学、工 学、生命科学、医学和社会科学五大领域。 GRAS的排名对象包括全球3000多所大学，最终发布的榜单展示了92个国家和地区的2000余所高校的近 2万个学科点。 内地高校21个冠军学科 材料科学与工程由于应用场景较广，在经历产业结构升级，也成为近年来就业率较好的领域。工信部数 据显示，2024年我国新材料产业规模达7.8万亿元，同比增长13.5%。教育部2024年公布的新增的21个工 科专业中，6个与材料创新直接相关，包括智能材料与结构、光电信息材料等交叉领域。清华大学在该 学科2023年首次进入全球前五，并于今年首次拿 ...

Core Insights - The article discusses the rapid expansion of artificial intelligence (AI) programs in teacher training universities in China, highlighting the establishment of AI colleges in institutions like Shaanxi Normal University and others [1][4][5] - There is a growing concern regarding the ability of these teacher training institutions to effectively deliver high-quality AI education due to their traditionally weaker engineering backgrounds and resource limitations [4][19][27] Group 1: Expansion of AI Programs - Over 600 universities in China have established AI programs, with teacher training institutions joining this trend [1][5] - In just one year, more than ten teacher training universities have added AI majors, reflecting a significant shift in academic focus [4][16] - Notable teacher training universities like Beijing Normal University and Huazhong Normal University have also initiated AI programs early on [3][12] Group 2: Challenges Faced by Teacher Training Universities - Concerns arise about the lack of engineering foundation in teacher training universities, questioning their capability to manage high-investment and high-technology AI disciplines [4][19] - The rapid evolution of AI knowledge poses a challenge for faculty members, many of whom may not be up-to-date with the latest developments in the field [31][30] - Teacher training universities often rely heavily on government funding, which limits their ability to attract top talent and invest in research compared to leading engineering schools [33][34] Group 3: Market Demand and Opportunities - The demand for AI professionals is surging, with a reported talent gap exceeding 5 million in China, particularly for technical roles [36] - The average monthly salary for AI professionals is approximately 25,000 yuan, indicating a lucrative job market [37] - Teacher training universities are encouraged to focus on the application of AI in education, leveraging their unique strengths in pedagogy to carve out a niche in the AI landscape [42][44] Group 4: Strategic Positioning - The future success of AI programs in teacher training universities may depend on their ability to integrate AI with traditional educational disciplines, creating a unique "AI+X" approach [45][46] - Institutions must avoid merely imitating top engineering schools and instead develop distinctive educational models that align with their strengths [45][46]

Core Viewpoint - The adjustment of undergraduate programs in various universities for the 2025 academic year is being implemented to align with emerging industries and societal needs, leading to the introduction of new programs and the discontinuation of less relevant ones [1][2][3]. Group 1: New Program Additions - Several universities, including Shenyang Aerospace University and Northeast Normal University, are proposing new programs such as Low-altitude Technology and Engineering, Data Science, and Intelligent Aircraft Technology, reflecting a trend towards fields that support national strategic needs and emerging industries [1][2][3]. - A total of 603 new programs have been proposed across over 150 universities, with a significant focus on areas like artificial intelligence, digital economy, and intelligent manufacturing [2]. Group 2: Program Discontinuations - Many programs are being discontinued due to poor employment prospects and misalignment with societal needs, with the top five discontinued programs from 2020 to 2024 being Information Management and Information Systems, Public Administration, and Marketing [4]. - The trend indicates a shift away from traditional programs that do not meet current market demands, with universities focusing on optimizing their offerings to better align with economic and technological advancements [4][5]. Group 3: Institutional Responses - Universities are establishing management measures to facilitate the transition of faculty from discontinued programs to related fields or administrative roles, ensuring a smooth adjustment process [6]. - The emergence of new research-oriented universities is attracting high-scoring students, prompting traditional institutions to reassess and streamline their program offerings to remain competitive [5].

Core Viewpoint - The adjustment of undergraduate programs in universities is crucial to meet the demands of economic and social development, as well as future needs [1] Group 1: Program Adjustments - Many universities are initiating adjustments to their undergraduate programs for the 2025 academic year, with a focus on optimizing their academic offerings [2] - Shenyang Aerospace University plans to add four new programs, including Low-altitude Technology and Engineering, while discontinuing six existing programs [2] - Northeast Normal University intends to withdraw seven programs, including Finance, and propose four new programs such as Data Science [3] - A total of 603 new programs have been proposed across over 150 universities, with a significant number focusing on emerging fields like Artificial Intelligence and Digital Economy [3] Group 2: Policy and Strategic Direction - The Ministry of Education has issued guidelines emphasizing the need to align program offerings with national strategies, market demands, and technological advancements [4] - The guidelines encourage universities to develop programs in strategic emerging industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, and biotechnology [4] Group 3: Trends in Program Discontinuation - The number of discontinued programs is increasing due to factors like poor employment prospects and misalignment with societal needs [5] - The top five discontinued programs from 2020 to 2024 include Information Management and Information Systems, with 160 programs being cut [5] Group 4: Faculty Transition and Support - Universities are establishing measures to support faculty transitions when programs are discontinued, including reassignment to related fields or administrative roles [7] - Faculty members affected by program discontinuation may have opportunities to teach in related programs or transition to other academic roles [6][7]

Core Insights - The AI major has gained significant popularity among students, entering the top 10 of preferred fields for the first time, driven by high expectations for job prospects in the AI industry [2][9] - There is a stark contrast between the high demand for AI talent, with a reported shortage of 5 million positions, and the struggles faced by many graduates in securing relevant employment [9][14] - The job market for AI graduates is highly competitive, with top-tier graduates receiving lucrative offers while others face difficulties in finding jobs, leading to a perception of the field as a "trap" for some [4][7][12] Group 1: AI Education and Job Market Dynamics - The rapid expansion of AI education aligns with the industry's intense demand for skilled professionals, exemplified by Meta's recruitment of top talent with substantial signing bonuses [2][12] - Graduates from prestigious institutions often secure high-paying positions, with some earning between 450,000 to 1 million yuan annually, while others from less recognized schools struggle to find jobs [4][6] - The AI job market is characterized by a high level of competition, with many positions requiring significant experience, making it challenging for fresh graduates to enter the field [11][12] Group 2: Structural Issues in AI Talent Supply - Despite the reported talent shortage, many graduates lack the necessary skills and experience, leading to a mismatch between educational outcomes and industry needs [9][14] - The current educational framework for AI in many institutions is criticized for being inadequate, focusing on theoretical knowledge without sufficient practical application [14][15] - There is a call for educational reforms to better align AI training with industry requirements, emphasizing the need for hands-on experience and collaboration with tech companies [15][16]

Core Insights - Engineering majors dominate the list of popular fields for college admissions in 2025, with Electrical Engineering and Automation taking the top spot [1][3][4] - The popularity of engineering disciplines has significantly increased over the past decade, reflecting a shift in student preferences and job market demands [5][7] Summary by Categories Popular Majors - The top ten most searched majors in 2025 are all engineering-related, with Electrical Engineering and Automation leading the list [3][4] - Other highly sought-after engineering majors include Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Automation, Computer Science and Technology, and Artificial Intelligence [4][6] Changes Over the Decade - In 2015, popular majors included fields like Literature, Law, and Economics, while engineering disciplines were not represented in the top ten [5][6] - By 2020, engineering majors began to dominate, with Artificial Intelligence and Robotics gaining attention, although some non-engineering fields like E-commerce remained popular [5][6] Employment Trends - Factors influencing major selection include job prospects and personal interests, with engineering fields consistently showing high employment satisfaction and demand over the past decade [7][8] - The list of "green card" majors, indicating high employment satisfaction, has shifted to predominantly engineering fields, with Electrical Engineering and Automation emerging as a key player [7][8]

Group 1 - The core trend in the 2025 college entrance examination in Shandong shows a decline in the popularity of clinical medicine and a rise in interest in artificial intelligence and related interdisciplinary fields [2][3] - The admission ranks for clinical medicine programs at 37 universities in Shandong have generally decreased compared to 2024, with notable drops at prestigious institutions such as Tsinghua University and Peking University [3][4] - Despite the decline in clinical medicine, it remains a significant option for high-scoring students, with some programs still attracting high admission ranks [4] Group 2 - Students are increasingly prioritizing "certainty" in their major choices, leading to a preference for programs like public-funded and "cultural relics comprehensive talent" courses [5][6] - The introduction of the "cultural relics comprehensive talent" program in Shandong aims to strengthen the local workforce in cultural heritage protection, with graduates required to work in designated positions for at least five years [7] - The admission scores for public-funded teacher training programs have reached new highs, indicating a shift in student preferences towards stable career paths [6][7]

Core Insights - Engineering majors dominate the list of popular fields for college admissions in 2025, with Electrical Engineering and Automation taking the top spot [1][2] - The trend of engineering majors being favored has significantly increased over the past decade, reflecting changes in job market demands and societal interests [4][6] Group 1: Popular Majors - The top ten most searched majors in 2025 are all engineering-related, with Electrical Engineering and Automation leading the list [2][3] - Other highly sought-after engineering majors include Mechanical Design and Manufacturing Automation, Computer Science and Technology, and Artificial Intelligence [3][4] Group 2: Historical Changes - In 2015, popular majors included fields like Literature, Law, and Economics, while engineering disciplines were not represented in the top ten [4][5] - By 2020, engineering majors began to dominate, with fields such as Artificial Intelligence and Robotics gaining popularity [5][6] Group 3: Employment Trends - The choice of majors is influenced by employment prospects and personal interests, with engineering fields consistently showing high demand and job satisfaction over the past decade [6][7] - The "green card" majors, which indicate high employment satisfaction and demand, are predominantly engineering disciplines, although specific areas have shifted slightly [6][7]

Group 1 - The core viewpoint is that Shenzhen universities are increasingly attracting top students, with rising admission scores reflecting their growing appeal and competitiveness [1][2][4] - In the physics category, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Southern University of Science and Technology, and Shenzhen University of Technology ranked as the top three universities in Guangdong, with minimum admission scores of 662, 652, and 629 respectively [2][3] - Shenzhen's educational institutions are not only improving in quality but also expanding in number, with 17 universities now established in the city, including new programs in cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence and cybersecurity [4][5] Group 2 - The rise in admission scores indicates a significant improvement in the quality of education at Shenzhen universities, with several institutions achieving high rankings in national assessments [4][6] - Shenzhen's universities are adapting to industry needs, with a focus on practical training and collaboration with local high-tech enterprises, which enhances their attractiveness to students [6][7] - The city is also planning to expand its higher education landscape, with new projects aimed at enhancing the quality and diversity of academic offerings, thereby providing more opportunities for students [7]

Core Insights - Guangdong University of Foreign Studies (GDUFS) is expanding its undergraduate enrollment for 2025, with a total of 5,310 students planned, a slight increase from the previous year [3][22] - The university is enhancing its dual bachelor's degree programs, now offering 19 such programs aimed at cultivating interdisciplinary talents [4][6] - New programs in Artificial Intelligence, Big Data Management and Application, Bulgarian, and Swahili will be introduced for the first time in 2025 [7][9] Enrollment and Program Highlights - The enrollment plan includes 4,157 students for the Guangdong province, with specific allocations for rural and impoverished areas [3] - Popular majors such as Law, Chinese Language and Literature, Computer Science, and Mathematics are seeing significant increases in enrollment numbers [3][4] - The university is focusing on aligning its talent cultivation structure with national and regional development needs [3] Dual Bachelor's Degree Programs - GDUFS has established 10 new dual bachelor's degree programs, emphasizing the integration of language skills and professional knowledge [4][5] - The programs are designed to enhance students' cross-cultural communication and global competitiveness [4][6] New Majors and Curriculum Innovations - The introduction of the Artificial Intelligence major aims to develop high-quality talents with a strong foundation in AI technologies and interdisciplinary skills [7] - The Big Data Management and Application program will address the growing demand for data-related skills in the digital economy [8] - The Bulgarian and Swahili language programs are strategically aligned with China's Belt and Road Initiative, responding to the increasing need for language professionals [9] Internationalization and Global Opportunities - GDUFS has implemented various international exchange programs, including the "New Horizons" project for first-year students to study abroad [15][17] - The university has established partnerships with 511 institutions across 66 countries, enhancing its global academic network [17][22] - GDUFS has a strong track record of student placements in international organizations, with a notable increase in internship opportunities [20] Employment and Graduate Outcomes - The university's graduates have high employment rates, with many securing positions in government, multinational corporations, and prestigious universities [19] - The average salary for graduates has shown a consistent upward trend, indicating strong market demand for GDUFS alumni [19] - A significant percentage of graduates pursue further studies at top domestic and international institutions, showcasing the quality of education provided [19]