7月4日，甘棠箐遗址研究团队在国际学术期刊《科学》（Science）在线发表研究论文，向国际学术界 公布了一项具有重大突破意义的考古发现和多学科研究成果。论文描述分析了在云南甘棠箐遗址发掘出 土的、35件保存完好的、年代约为距今30万年的木器，与木器伴生的文化遗存包括大量石制品、骨角 器、动物化石、植物遗存和用火遗迹。 这些痕迹清楚、特点鲜明的木器，是目前东亚地区最早的木器，主要功能是对可食性植物根茎的挖掘， 可以被称作"挖掘棒"。遗址出土的石器多为小型刮削器，形态简单，加工痕迹精细，彰显东亚旧石器时 代文化的鲜明特征。 甘棠箐遗址，坐落于云南省抚仙湖南约5公里的一处自南向北流淌的小溪西侧的坡地上。该遗址发现于 1984年，1989年做过首次考古发掘，出土大量石制品和动物化石及木质材料。2014-2015年和2018-2019 年两个野外考古季，该遗址被再次发掘，揭露面积64平方米，挖掘深度3.5-7米，出土丰富的石制品、 动物化石、木质材料、植物种子和用火遗迹。 此次出土数十件木器是一项世界级重大考古发现。由于木材是有机材质，易分解腐烂，对于埋藏环境和 保存条件要求严苛，旧石器时代保存下来的木质遗存十分稀少 ...

Core Findings - A multidisciplinary team led by Chinese scientists has discovered 35 well-preserved wooden tools dating back approximately 300,000 years at the Gantangqing site in Yunnan, marking the earliest known wooden tools in East Asia [3][4] - The research team, which includes experts from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and various domestic and international institutions, published their findings in the journal "Science" [3] - Analysis of the wooden tools revealed they were primarily made from pine, with specific marks indicating human processing and usage, such as scraping and polishing [3] Archaeological Context - The Gantangqing site also yielded a wealth of cultural artifacts, including stone tools, bone and antler implements, animal fossils, and plant remains, which are rare for Paleolithic sites globally [4] - The timeline of human activity at the site is estimated to be between 360,000 and 250,000 years ago, suggesting that the emergence of wooden tools was a response to the scarcity of stone resources [4] - International peer reviewers noted that this discovery alters the understanding of human survival strategies and cultural characteristics during the Paleolithic era in East Asia, highlighting the significance of bamboo and wooden tools in ancient human life [4]

编辑丨王多鱼 排版丨水成文 旧石器时代早期 的 木制工具 极为罕见 ，此前仅发现过两件，一件位于欧洲，另一件位于非洲，这件木质工具均为狩猎用具。 2025 年 7 月 3 日，中国科学院古脊椎动物 与古人类研究所 高星 研究员、 澳大利亚卧龙岗大学 李波 教授作为 共同通讯作者 （ 云南省文物考古研究所 刘建辉 为第一作者， 阮齐军 为第二作者 ） 等在国际顶尖学术期刊 Science 上发表了题为： 300,000-year-old wooden tools from Gantangqing, southwest China 的研究论文。 研究团队 在 云南的 甘棠箐遗址 发现了 35 件保存完好的 木制工具 ，距今约 30 万年，并进一步证明了这些 木制工具是由古人类加工制作并用于 挖掘地下植物 食材，表明了 在中更新世的东亚地区，木质工具可能在古人类的生存和适应过程中发挥了重要作用。 甘棠箐遗址 是在云南省玉溪市发现的第一个中更新世旧石器时代旷野遗址，它的发现、发掘和研究为中国旧石器早期文化的对比研究提供了宝贵材料，遗址中发 现的木制工具，填补了中国旧石器时代木器研究的空白。 在这项最新研究中，研究体报 ...

Core Findings - The discovery of 35 well-preserved wooden artifacts dating back 300,000 years at the Gantangqing site represents a significant archaeological achievement, marking the earliest known wooden tools in East Asia [1][2][3] - The research was published in the prestigious journal "Science," highlighting the importance of this multidisciplinary study [1] Archaeological Significance - The wooden tools were primarily made from pine species (approximately 70%), with a small percentage from other types, indicating a diverse use of local resources [2] - The tools exhibit clear signs of human modification, with specific designs for digging edible plant roots, showcasing advanced tool-making skills of early humans [2][3] - The findings contribute to understanding the cultural and technological characteristics of Paleolithic humans in East Asia, filling a gap in the study of wooden artifacts from this period [3] Research Methodology - The research team employed various dating methods, including paleobiostratigraphy and optically stimulated luminescence, to confirm the age of the artifacts [2] - A comprehensive analysis of the site's geomorphology and stratigraphy helped explain the preservation of these ancient wooden tools [2] Comparative Analysis - Compared to wooden tools found in European and African sites, the Gantangqing artifacts are more diverse, particularly in the prevalence of small, handheld tools [2] - The simultaneous discovery of stone tools, bone artifacts, and plant remains at the site is rare in global Paleolithic archaeological contexts, underscoring the site's significance [2]

Core Insights - The Nanhuh River site is the first Paleolithic open-air site discovered in Hainan, providing significant archaeological value and insights into prehistoric human activities in the region [1][4]. Summary by Sections Discovery and Excavation - The Nanhuh River site, located in Baisha Li Autonomous County, was discovered in 2023 and confirmed as a Paleolithic cultural site with over 6,000 stone artifacts and more than 20,000 screened stone products [1][3]. - The excavation is scheduled from September to December 2024, conducted by the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hainan Provincial Institute of Cultural Relics and Archaeology, and Sun Yat-sen University [1]. Archaeological Significance - The site is noted for its well-preserved evidence of human stone tool production and other life activities, indicating a rich cultural layer and a significant archaeological find in Hainan [3][4]. - It is characterized as the largest, best-preserved, and most culturally rich prehistoric open-air site known in Hainan, with a clear chronological sequence [3]. Cultural Context - The stone artifacts from the site exhibit characteristics of southern China's pebble tool culture, while also showing unique adaptive features that differentiate them from other known stone tool technologies in southern China [3][4]. - The findings suggest that the Nanhuh River area may represent a settlement cluster, providing a basis for further regional archaeological studies and insights into human interactions and cultural exchanges in southern China and Southeast Asia [4].

南或河遗址的发掘成果显示其无论在考古新发现还是科学研究及文化溯源和地方文旅建设方面都具有极为重要的历史意义和深远的社会价值。 南或河遗址位于海南省白沙县金波乡石碌河上游的支流南或河北岸。2023年其被确认为一处以旧石器时代为主体的文化遗存。经国家文物局批准，2024年9 月至12月，由中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所、海南省文物考古研究院、中山大学联合对南或河遗址进行了主动性考古发掘。 5月14日，记者从中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所南或河遗址发掘领队处了解到，海南白沙金波乡南或河遗址是海南首次发现的一处旧石器时代旷野 遗址。 19 r a got A . - t a 4 first t 2 8 8 2 are st - V-2 S in it E 遗址目前已出土编号石制品6000余件，筛洗出土石制品已达20000余件，另有相当数量的果壳和炭屑遗存。经光释光测年，初步得到遗址年代结果为距今1万 年前后。 从发掘情况来看，火塘遗迹的发现以及保存良好的人类石制品打制活动现场，结合果壳的发现，可以推测古人类在此发生了打制石器制作等生产和生活行 为。 从目前尚属有限的考古发掘与调查结果来看，南或河遗址是海南岛已 ...

"西南地区的旧石器越来越多，长江流域日益支撑起史前考古的新天地……祝贺！"2024年度全国十大考 古新发现公布后，一位考古人在朋友圈发出这样的感叹。 资阳濛溪河遗址群是四川第二个获此殊荣的旧石器考古项目。2022年，位于川西高原的稻城皮洛遗址也 曾入选。两个项目的领队，都是四川省文物考古研究院旧石器考古研究所所长郑喆轩。 成为"十大"仅仅是开始。评选结果公布当天，郑喆轩就匆匆赶回濛溪河遗址。皮洛、濛溪河、射洪桃花 河等重要遗址还有大量工作要做，资阳、内江等地的田野考古调查也在同步开展，整理研究也不能停 下，考古队员们忙并快乐着。 搁在几年前，现在这种状态，对于郑喆轩还是"不敢想象的幸福"。 四川处于高原与平原之间，华南与华北之间，温带与亚热带之间，是古人类迁徙和文化交流十分重要 的"十字路口"。然而，在2019年以前，四川比较明确的旧石器遗址仅有10余处，国内外学者们只能被迫 接受四川盆地和川西高原没有或者很晚才有少量古人类存在的"苦涩现实"，四川成为国际旧石器研究 的"盆地""洼地"。 "如果能够扎实开展一些有针对性的工作，可能会有填补空白的重要突破！"11年前，郑喆轩硕士毕业， 带着"开疆拓土"的目标和期 ...