新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区（以下简称"卡山保护区"）是国内最大的普氏野马保护 基地。众多专家学者四十年如一日，扎根荒漠腹地，从零开始进行科学研究，充分运用先进技术手段， 助力普氏野马种群恢复。同时，新疆加快推进普氏野马种群扩散和扩大放归试验，与甘肃、宁夏、内蒙 古等地进行跨区域合作，合力推进普氏野马保护。目前，我国普氏野马种群数量已突破900匹，占全球 总量的1/3。 科技助力种群恢复 在天山脚下的昭苏湿地公园，成群的马匹在平缓的河水中奔跑。与这些常见的家马相比，普氏野马 喜欢离群索居，在外形和基因上，二者均有区别。 新疆野马繁殖研究中心工程师薛剑楠告诉记者，普氏野马头大颈粗、全身呈土黄色，耳短小而圆， 无长额毛，鬃毛短而直立，背部中央有一条黑褐色脊线。 普氏野马有66条染色体，比家马多出两条。作为地球上唯一现存的野生马种，普氏野马仍保留着 6000万年前的原始基因图谱，被称为"生物基因的活化石"，对生态链修复意义重大。 普氏野马是国家一级保护动物、全球濒危大型野生动物，珍稀程度堪比大熊猫。 普氏野马原产于我国新疆准噶尔盆地和蒙古国干旱荒漠草原地带，由于气候变化、人为干扰、栖息 地碎片化等原因，曾 ...

Core Viewpoint - The event celebrating the 40th anniversary of the return of the Przewalski's horse in China highlights the successful reintroduction and conservation efforts that have led to a population exceeding 900 individuals, representing about one-third of the global total [3]. Group 1: Conservation Efforts - The "Return of the Wild Horse" program initiated in 1985 involved the introduction of Przewalski's horse, the only existing wild horse species, from overseas to breeding bases in Xinjiang and Gansu [3]. - The Xinjiang Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve has become a core habitat for the Przewalski's horse, benefiting from unique geographical and ecological advantages [3]. - Scientific protection strategies, habitat optimization, and continuous wild release efforts have contributed to the steady increase in the Przewalski's horse population [3]. Group 2: Technological Integration - The implementation of an integrated monitoring network using drones, satellite collars, and other technologies has enabled precise tracking of the horses' activities and health [3]. - The ecological restoration projects in Xinjiang have created favorable living conditions for the Przewalski's horse [3]. Group 3: International Collaboration - The conservation success has had international implications, with the export of four breeding individuals to Mongolia in 2012 and the release of 12 horses in Inner Mongolia in 2021 [3]. - Plans are in place for the release of 18 horses in the Helan Mountain area in three batches by 2025 [3].

Core Insights - The population of Przewalski's horse in China has surpassed 900, accounting for one-third of the global total [1] - Przewalski's horse is the only surviving wild horse species and is classified as a national first-class protected animal and a globally endangered large wild animal [1] Conservation Efforts - In the 1970s, Przewalski's horse was declared extinct in the wild in China, leading to the initiation of the "Return of the Wild Horse" program in 1985, which involved bringing horses back from abroad and establishing breeding bases in Xinjiang and Gansu [1] - The Kalamaili Mountain Ungulate Nature Reserve in Xinjiang has become the core habitat for the breeding and survival of Przewalski's horse due to its unique geographical and ecological advantages [1] Breeding and Release Strategies - Over 40 years, a three-step method has been developed: captive breeding, semi-wild training, and soft release, resulting in a breeding population exceeding 800 horses and 146 horses released in 18 batches [1] - Currently, there are 546 Przewalski's horses in Xinjiang [1] Regional Cooperation - Xinjiang has accelerated the expansion of the Przewalski's horse population and has conducted release trials, sending 41 horses to Mongolia and several provinces in China, including Gansu, Ningxia, and Inner Mongolia [1] - This cross-regional cooperation aims to enhance the protection of Przewalski's horse and provide broader habitats for the species [1]