新疆卡拉麦里山有蹄类野生动物自然保护区（以下简称"卡山保护区"）是国内最大的普氏野马保护 基地。众多专家学者四十年如一日，扎根荒漠腹地，从零开始进行科学研究，充分运用先进技术手段， 助力普氏野马种群恢复。同时，新疆加快推进普氏野马种群扩散和扩大放归试验，与甘肃、宁夏、内蒙 古等地进行跨区域合作，合力推进普氏野马保护。目前，我国普氏野马种群数量已突破900匹，占全球 总量的1/3。 科技助力种群恢复 在天山脚下的昭苏湿地公园，成群的马匹在平缓的河水中奔跑。与这些常见的家马相比，普氏野马 喜欢离群索居，在外形和基因上，二者均有区别。 新疆野马繁殖研究中心工程师薛剑楠告诉记者，普氏野马头大颈粗、全身呈土黄色，耳短小而圆， 无长额毛，鬃毛短而直立，背部中央有一条黑褐色脊线。 普氏野马有66条染色体，比家马多出两条。作为地球上唯一现存的野生马种，普氏野马仍保留着 6000万年前的原始基因图谱，被称为"生物基因的活化石"，对生态链修复意义重大。 普氏野马是国家一级保护动物、全球濒危大型野生动物，珍稀程度堪比大熊猫。 普氏野马原产于我国新疆准噶尔盆地和蒙古国干旱荒漠草原地带，由于气候变化、人为干扰、栖息 地碎片化等原因，曾 ...

Core Viewpoint - The development of ecological environment monitoring in Shaanxi Province over the past 50 years has transformed from basic manual methods to a sophisticated, integrated monitoring network that utilizes advanced technology and data analysis to ensure environmental protection and improvement [5][9][27]. Group 1: Historical Development - The Shaanxi Provincial Environmental Protection Monitoring Station was established in 1975, starting with over 40 personnel and basic equipment, evolving into a comprehensive monitoring network covering the entire province [5][9]. - By 2024, the province has developed a three-tiered ecological environment monitoring system with 116 monitoring institutions and a workforce of 2,254, equipped with 11,100 advanced instruments [9][12]. Group 2: Technological Advancements - The monitoring capabilities have expanded from basic parameters like pH and dissolved oxygen to 1,320 parameters across 11 categories, including water, air, soil, and noise [9][17]. - The establishment of a "super station" in 2017 equipped with over 30 advanced monitoring devices has strengthened the data foundation for air quality monitoring [16][14]. Group 3: Environmental Achievements - As of 2024, all 46 national control sections of water quality in the Yangtze River Basin within Shaanxi meet Class II standards, with 8 sections achieving Class I [18]. - The PM2.5 concentration in Shaanxi decreased from 51 µg/m³ in 2016 to 35 µg/m³ in 2024, a reduction of 31.3%, with the number of good air quality days increasing from 270.5 to 294.6 [25][26]. Group 4: Future Outlook - By 2035, Shaanxi aims to establish an "Ecological Environment Monitoring Brain" for intelligent pollution tracing, risk warning, and assessment [30]. - The province plans to leverage new technologies such as artificial intelligence and blockchain to enhance ecological monitoring capabilities [27].