Core Viewpoint - The draft law on responding to public health emergencies is undergoing its third review by the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, emphasizing the importance of monitoring and reporting systems in effectively addressing major public health risks [1][2]. Legislative Necessity - The need for specialized legislation arose from the limitations of existing laws, which include the Infectious Disease Prevention Law and the Emergency Response Law, highlighting gaps in monitoring, early warning, and emergency response [2][3]. - The draft law aims to establish a more targeted legal framework for public health emergencies, prioritizing its application over existing laws when necessary [2][3]. Monitoring and Reporting System - The draft law focuses on enhancing the monitoring and reporting system for public health emergencies, establishing a comprehensive network of monitoring points across various sectors [6][7]. - It mandates immediate reporting of any suspected public health emergencies by individuals and organizations to relevant authorities [7][8]. - The third draft includes provisions for a smart multi-point trigger mechanism for monitoring, emphasizing the use of big data and artificial intelligence to improve sensitivity and accuracy [9][10]. Urban Resilience - The response to public health emergencies in mega-cities is a key focus, with policies aimed at improving public health emergency management and resilience against various shocks [5]. - The concept of resilient cities encompasses not only natural disaster responses but also the capacity to handle public health crises effectively [5]. Technological Integration - The integration of big data and AI technologies is highlighted as essential for enhancing monitoring systems and improving decision-making capabilities in public health management [9][10]. - Recommendations include developing an intelligent information management system that utilizes data from multiple sectors to facilitate early detection and response to public health emergencies [10].

Core Points - The National People's Congress Standing Committee is set to review the draft law on emergency response to public health incidents for the third time, with modifications based on feedback received during the public consultation period [1][2] Group 1: Legislative Process - The draft law was previously reviewed in June 2025, and the current revisions are based on 293 suggestions from 160 individuals during the public consultation from June 27 to July 26 [2] - The legislative process involved participation from National People's Congress representatives who provided feedback through various channels, including meetings and an information platform [2] Group 2: Monitoring and Reporting Mechanisms - The draft law emphasizes the establishment of a smart multi-point triggering mechanism and a monitoring information sharing system to enhance emergency response capabilities [2][3] - It includes provisions for monitoring and reporting public health incidents, highlighting the importance of timely detection and response [3] - The law aims to improve monitoring sensitivity and accuracy by utilizing big data and artificial intelligence, while also addressing reporting methods for institutions lacking online reporting capabilities [3]