特朗普下达60天最后通牒，17家跨国药企面临降价压力｜快讯 消息公布后，美股制药板块应声下跌，代表制药业的美国最大游说团体PhRMA高级副总裁亚历克斯·施 赖弗回应称，引入外国价格管制将"损害美国领导力，伤害患者和工人"。该组织认为，政府应管控推高 药价的中间商（如药品福利管理者PBM和保险公司），并要求外国为创新药支付合理费用。 事实上，面对美国患者购药压力和政府持续施压，部分药企已开始调整策略，阿斯利康刚宣布拟下调部 分在美药品价格，并透露政府正在评估其提案，礼来、诺和诺德、辉瑞等公司已开始尝试直销模式。 与此同时，制药行业也在为特朗普政府可能对进口药品加征的关税做准备，显示药品定价问题引发的政 企博弈远未结束。特朗普此次设定60天期限，无疑为这场围绕"全球最贵药价"的拉锯战按下了加速键。 美国总统特朗普周四在其社交平台Truth Social上发布致17家全球领先制药企业的公开信，要求它们在60 天内提出切实降低美国药品价格的方案，否则将动用"政府一切手段"进行干预。此举引发美股制药板块 普遍下跌。 特朗普在信中设定的最后期限为9月29日，其核心要求包括实现其此前提出的"最惠国价格"政策落地。 这一行动 ...

Core Viewpoint - The article discusses the potential impact of Trump's proposed drug pricing policies on the U.S. pharmaceutical industry, suggesting that while there are significant threats, the short-term effects may be limited due to existing structural challenges in the industry [1][2]. Group 1: Background and Current Situation - U.S. pharmaceutical spending is at a high level, with per capita drug spending reaching $1,564 in 2022, significantly higher than other developed countries. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) from 2018 to 2022 was 6.2% [1]. - The increase in drug prices is primarily driven by innovative drugs, which have long-term pricing above inflation, while generic drugs continue to decrease in price. The complex pricing system supports the stability of high prices for innovative drugs [1]. - The U.S. pharmaceutical trade deficit is expanding, with imports projected at $213 billion and a deficit of $118.6 billion in 2024. Ireland has become a major source of this deficit due to tax advantages [1]. Group 2: Policy Implications - Trump's proposal for a "Most Favored Nation" (MFN) pricing policy aims to anchor U.S. drug prices to the lowest prices in developed countries, potentially reducing prices by 30%-80%. However, legal complexities may hinder its implementation, and the focus will likely remain on reforms within the Medicare framework [2]. - The Pharmacy Benefit Manager (PBM) system is identified as a structural monopoly that drives up drug prices, with rebate percentages for chronic diseases exceeding 50% and some reaching 80%. The top three PBMs control 80% of prescriptions, leading to a highly concentrated market [3]. - Trump's proposed 25% tariffs on European drugs aim to encourage domestic manufacturing, but the high costs and long construction timelines for U.S. production facilities may limit the effectiveness of this strategy in the short term [3].