Core Insights - The recent research conducted by Chinese scientific teams utilizing samples from the Chang'e 6 mission has unveiled significant findings about the Moon's far side, challenging previous understandings of its geological history and composition [2][10]. Group 1: Research Findings - Four groundbreaking research results were published in the journal "Nature," revealing insights into lunar magma activity, ancient magnetic fields, water content in the lunar mantle, and mantle evolution characteristics [2]. - The lunar far side exhibits stark differences from the near side, characterized by a thicker crust and a lack of lunar seas, which has led to various theories regarding its formation [3][4]. - The Chang'e 6 mission collected samples from the South Pole-Aitken Basin, the largest and oldest impact site on the Moon, providing a unique opportunity to study the differences in material composition between the Moon's near and far sides [5]. Group 2: Water Content and Magma Activity - The research indicates that the lunar mantle on the far side is extremely dry, with water content measured at only 1 to 1.5 micrograms per gram, the lowest reported value, suggesting a significant difference from the near side [8][9]. - The study of basaltic rock fragments from the Chang'e 6 samples revealed volcanic activity on the far side dating back 2.8 billion years, with magma originating from a depleted source rich in potassium, rare earth elements, and phosphorus [9]. Group 3: Magnetic Field Insights - Analysis of the samples has provided information about the Moon's magnetic field approximately 2.8 billion years ago, indicating a rebound in magnetic activity contrary to previous beliefs that it had been in a low-energy state since around 3.1 billion years ago [12]. - The findings suggest that the Moon once had a magnetic field generator similar to Earth's, which may have undergone changes in its energy sources or driving mechanisms [11][12].

Core Insights - The Chinese Academy of Sciences announced significant research findings from the Chang'e 6 lunar samples, published in the journal Nature, revealing the evolutionary history of the moon's far side [1][2] Group 1: Research Findings - Four key research achievements were made using the Chang'e 6 samples, including the discovery of volcanic activity on the moon's far side approximately 4.2 billion and 2.8 billion years ago, indicating such activity lasted for at least 1.4 billion years [2] - The ancient magnetic field information was obtained for the first time, suggesting that the moon's magnetic field strength may have rebounded around 2.8 billion years ago, indicating fluctuations rather than a monotonic decline [2] - The water content in the moon's mantle on the far side was found to be significantly lower than that on the near side, indicating a "bipolarity" in the moon's internal water distribution [2] - The basalt on the moon's far side was discovered to originate from a highly depleted source region, suggesting that large impact events may have significantly influenced the evolution of the moon's deep layers [2] Group 2: Impact of Research - The South Pole-Aitken Basin, a major lunar structure with a diameter of approximately 2,500 kilometers, was highlighted as a key area of study, with the impact energy from its formation being equivalent to a trillion times that of an atomic bomb [2] - The research published in Nature systematically reveals the effects of the South Pole-Aitken impact, marking a significant advancement in understanding lunar evolution [2] - Other breakthroughs from the Chang'e 6 samples include the first study revealing the physical, mineral, and mantle evolution characteristics of the samples, and the precise dating of the South Pole-Aitken Basin's formation to 4.25 billion years ago, providing a more accurate "cosmic clock" for understanding early solar system impacts [2]

Group 1 - The core finding of the research indicates that the water content in the lunar mantle on the far side of the moon is less than 2 micrograms per gram, suggesting it is very "dry" [1][3] - This study provides significant support for further research on the origin and evolution of the moon, with the related paper published in the international journal "Nature" [1][3] - The research team utilized basalt fragments from the Chang'e 6 lunar samples to study the water content in the mantle source area, revealing a water content of only 1 to 1.5 micrograms per gram, the lowest reported value, indicating that the far side mantle is drier than the near side [3] Group 2 - The lunar mantle, located between the lunar crust and core, is situated approximately 60 kilometers to 1000 kilometers below the moon's surface, and its water content is crucial for understanding the moon's origin, magmatic activity, and resource environmental effects [3] - The study addresses a long-standing debate in academia regarding whether the lunar mantle is water-rich or water-poor, stemming from the hypothesis that the moon formed from debris after a Mars-sized body collided with the early Earth about 4.5 billion years ago [3] - The Chang'e 6 mission collected the first samples from the far side of the moon, providing a unique opportunity to explore the temporal and spatial evolution of water in the lunar mantle [3]