Core Insights - The COSMOS-Web project has created the largest deep-space cosmic map to date, marking the positions, speeds, and evolutionary histories of nearly 800,000 galaxies over a time span of 13.5 billion years, covering 98% of the universe's evolution history [1][4] Group 1: Project Overview - COSMOS-Web is based on data from the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and represents a significant advancement in cosmic mapping, providing unprecedented insights into galaxy formation and evolution [1][3] - The project involved a total observation time of 255 hours, making it the longest single project in JWST's first year, with data exceeding 1.5TB [2] Group 2: Technological Advancements - JWST's revolutionary infrared observation capabilities distinguish it from its predecessor, the Hubble Space Telescope, allowing it to observe wavelengths from 0.6 to 28 micrometers, thus enabling the study of earlier cosmic evolution stages [3] - The larger primary mirror of JWST, approximately six times that of Hubble, enhances its light-gathering ability and sensitivity, allowing it to detect fainter and more distant celestial bodies [3] Group 3: Key Discoveries - The project revealed an unexpectedly high number of galaxies in the early universe, with actual counts being about ten times higher than predictions based on Hubble data, challenging existing cosmological models [4] - The existence of supermassive black holes in the early universe, which were thought to take billions of years to form, was also confirmed, suggesting a need to rethink the relationship between galaxies and black holes [4] - These findings pose significant challenges to current cosmological theories, indicating potential unknown physical processes or the need for fundamental revisions in understanding dark matter and early universe physics [4]