国际"暗能量巡天"（DES）项目团队正式发布了DES运行6年来获得的首个完整观测数据集。数据集涵 盖了DES从2013年至2019年间758个夜晚的观测，观测对象为1/8的天空。首次将相机记录的全部数据整 体对外公开，为全球物理学家研究暗能量和宇宙演化提供了重要基础。相关研究成果已提交《物理评论 D》杂志。 自上世纪90年代末天文学家发现宇宙加速膨胀现象以来，"暗能量"便成为物理学界关注的焦点。作为一 种至今未被直接探测到且与物质极少发生相互作用的宇宙成分，暗能量的物理性质只能通过观测天体分 布与演化特征进行间接推断。DES项目正是为了应对这一挑战，旨在通过深空广域巡天观测，为揭示暗 能量的物理本质提供更精确的理论约束。 研究团队称，最新分析显示，可行的理论模型范围进一步收窄，整体上更接近当前宇宙学中广泛采用的 标准模型。 不过，仍有一个参数与观测结果不完全一致。根据早期宇宙的观测结果，标准模型和演化暗能量模型都 对后期宇宙中物质的聚集方式作出了预测，但DES对星系团的测量结果与这些预测存在差异。随着新数 据的加入，这一差异有所扩大，但其统计显著性尚未达到推翻现有标准宇宙学模型的阈值。即使将DES 数据与其他 ...

Core Insights - The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has been operational since July 2022, capturing approximately 550 terabytes of cosmic data and generating over 1,600 significant research findings, enhancing humanity's understanding of the universe [1] Group 1: Discoveries and Observations - JWST is designed to observe the "cosmic dawn," the first billion years after the universe's birth, revealing early bright galaxies existing just 300 million years post-Big Bang [2] - The telescope has identified "baby" galaxies that are only 600 million years old but already exhibit structures similar to the Milky Way [2] - JWST discovered mysterious "small red dots," which are distant, dense, bright, and red star clusters, with potential explanations for their brightness being dense young star groups or heated gas from supermassive black holes [3] Group 2: Atmospheric Studies - JWST has advanced the study of exoplanet atmospheres, detecting complex chemical compositions such as hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and sulfur dioxide in gas giant planets [4] - The telescope successfully detected traces of carbon monoxide or carbon dioxide in the thin atmosphere of the rocky exoplanet 55 Cancri e, located 40 light-years away [5] Group 3: Stellar Evolution and Planetary Systems - JWST may have detected planetary candidates orbiting white dwarfs, suggesting that planets can survive the death of their stars [6] - The telescope revealed the scale of water plumes on Europa, showing a massive cloud structure over 9,600 kilometers in diameter, significantly larger than previously observed [7] Group 4: Future Exploration - JWST is expected to continue its operations for over 20 years, providing opportunities for further exploration of cosmic mysteries and enhancing our understanding of the universe [7]