Core Insights - The research team has developed a new technology that enhances the stability and efficiency of perovskite solar cells, achieving comparable outdoor performance to commercial silicon solar cells [1][4]. Group 1: Technological Advancements - The newly developed "gas-phase assisted surface reconstruction" technology allows for in-situ restructuring of perovskite surfaces, effectively isolating defect-rich surface units and suppressing irreversible ion migration [4]. - The power conversion efficiency of the 0.16 square centimeter cell and the 785 square centimeter module reached 25.3% and 19.6%, respectively [4]. Group 2: Market Implications - The research indicates that the expected T80 lifespan of the module can reach 2478 cycles, equivalent to over 6.7 years of operation in a 25°C environment, suggesting an outdoor lifespan exceeding 25 years [4]. - This innovation marks a significant step towards the commercialization of perovskite solar cells, addressing their previous limitations in longevity compared to silicon solar cells [3][4].

Core Insights - The efficiency of small-area metal halide perovskite solar cells has reached 27%, comparable to commercial silicon cells, but long-term stability remains a challenge [1][2] - The research team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics developed a gas-assisted surface reconstruction technology that suppresses irreversible degradation in outdoor environments, achieving stability comparable to commercial silicon solar cells [1] - The new technology significantly reduces production costs and is compatible with existing photovoltaic production lines, marking a critical step towards industrialization [2] Group 1 - The gas-assisted surface reconstruction technology allows for in-situ reconstruction of perovskite surface structures, isolating defect-rich surface units and suppressing irreversible ion migration [1][2] - The power conversion efficiency of the 0.16 cm² cell and the 785 cm² module reached 25.3% and 19.6%, respectively [2] - The estimated T80 lifespan of the module is projected to reach 2478 cycles, equivalent to over 6.7 years of operation at 25°C, translating to an outdoor lifespan exceeding 25 years, making it the most stable perovskite module in current research [2]

Core Viewpoint - The research team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics has successfully revealed the aging mechanism of perovskite solar cells and proposed a low-cost solution to extend their lifespan, which is expected to accelerate the industrialization of next-generation photovoltaic technology [1][6]. Group 1: Research Findings - Perovskite is a key candidate material for next-generation photovoltaic technology, with small-sized perovskite solar cells achieving over 27% power conversion efficiency, comparable to commercial silicon solar cells [1]. - The team discovered a reversible degradation phenomenon in perovskite solar cells, where efficiency lost during the day can partially recover overnight, attributed to the movement of iodine ions [3][4]. - The research identified that if iodine ions remain within the perovskite layer, efficiency can recover, but if they migrate to the charge transport layer or electrode, that efficiency is permanently lost [3][4]. Group 2: Technological Innovations - The team developed a "gas-assisted surface reconstruction" technology that confines iodine ions within isolated compartments on the perovskite film surface, limiting their movement [4]. - Experimental data showed that a large perovskite solar cell (785 cm²) treated with this technology lost only 3% efficiency after 101 simulated day-night cycles at 50°C, equating to a stable outdoor operation of 25 years [6]. - The new technology is compatible with existing photovoltaic production lines, effectively controlling retrofit costs [6]. Group 3: Future Prospects - The research has closed the loop from fundamental theory to practical application, clarifying the irreversible degradation causes of perovskite solar cells and addressing key bottlenecks for the industrialization of large-sized perovskite technology [6]. - The team has applied for 10 patents and is working on refining device fabrication processes and material systems to initiate larger-scale pilot projects for perovskite solar cells [6].

Core Viewpoint - The research conducted by the team from Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics addresses the long-term stability challenges of perovskite solar cells in outdoor environments, achieving comparable performance to commercial silicon solar cells [1][2]. Group 1: Research Findings - The study published in Science on May 29, 2025, introduced a vapor-assisted surface reconstruction technique that mitigates irreversible degradation in industrial-scale perovskite solar modules [1]. - The developed perovskite solar module, with an area of approximately 0.8 square meters, achieved a power conversion efficiency of about 19.6%, maintaining this output after 45 days of outdoor operation in summer [1]. - The research team effectively isolated surface defects using vapor deposition techniques, which reduced ion migration and surface ion defect concentration, thus controlling the dynamics of ion migration during light-dark cycles [1]. Group 2: Performance Metrics - The industrial-scale perovskite solar module, measuring 785 square centimeters, maintained over 97% of its initial efficiency after 101 light-dark cycles at 50 degrees Celsius, demonstrating excellent stability [1]. - The stability performance of the perovskite solar module in harsh summer conditions was comparable to that of the control silicon battery group [1]. Group 3: Technological Advancements - The two studies form a technological closed loop, systematically addressing the stability challenges across the entire chain from laboratory to production line to outdoor application, with related technologies already patented [2].