中新社南昌2月22日电 题：海昏侯墓中的"马蹄金"缘何而来？ ——专访南昌汉代海昏侯国遗址博物馆考古学术研究部主任赵艺博 中新社记者 李韵涵 海昏侯墓主是汉武帝之孙刘贺，他一生数历荣枯，历经昌邑王、"汉废帝"、海昏侯的跌宕起伏。作为中 国出土文物品类数量最丰富的典型西汉列侯墓葬，海昏侯刘贺墓内共出土了478件、重达115公斤的黄金 器物，其中便有50块"马蹄金"。除耀眼的黄金外，海昏侯墓也是中国长江以南地区发现的唯一带有真车 马陪葬坑的墓葬，还出土了数千件精美的车马器。 海昏侯墓中的"马蹄金"缘何而来？马在汉代文化中有着怎样的多元角色？南昌汉代海昏侯国遗址博物馆 考古学术研究部主任赵艺博就此接受中新社"东西问"专访，对此作出阐释。 现将访谈实录摘要如下： 中新社记者：海昏侯墓中的"马蹄金"缘何而来？为何铸成"马蹄"形状？ 赵艺博："马蹄金"其实是"褭(niǎo)蹏(tí)金"的俗称，中心空洞、底部凹进，仿天马之足所铸，形似马 蹄。在海昏侯墓中，共出土了50块马蹄金，除黄金纯度达99%外，其制作也十分精美。马蹄金底部和侧 面有模仿马蹄纹理的凹凸线条，口沿外侧有多种细金属工艺铸接或嵌接黄金掐丝纹带一圈，底部铸 有 ...

Group 1 - The article describes a bronze incense burner from the Han Dynasty, highlighting its artistic and cultural significance, as well as its intricate design and craftsmanship [1][2] - The burner features a complex base design with a crane standing on a turtle, symbolizing longevity and auspiciousness in Chinese culture [2] - The craftsmanship includes detailed carvings and a functional design that enhances the aesthetic experience, allowing for the release of fragrant smoke [3] Group 2 - The incense burner has historical importance, having been cherished by its owner for its ability to create a serene and poetic atmosphere [3] - It is now housed in a museum, where it serves as a historical artifact, attracting visitors who reflect on its past and cultural significance [3]

Group 1 - The copper Boshan furnace unearthed in Baotou's Jiuyuan District serves as a significant cultural artifact from the Han Dynasty, illustrating the cultural exchanges along the Grassland Silk Road [1] - The casting techniques and openwork technology used for the copper Boshan furnace represent a high level of bronze craftsmanship during the Han Dynasty, indicating the spread of Central Plains bronze casting skills to the northern regions [1] - The design of the copper Boshan furnace combines elements from both Central Plains and nomadic cultures, showcasing a blend of agricultural and nomadic cultural influences [1] Group 2 - The tomb from which the copper Boshan furnace was excavated likely belonged to a mid-level official or noble from the Wuyuan Commandery, indicating a developed economy in the Jiuyuan area during the Han Dynasty [2] - The popularity of incense-burning customs reflects a more refined lifestyle among the inhabitants of Jiuyuan, marking an important witness to the urbanization process in northern regions during the Han Dynasty [2]

Core Viewpoint - The discovery of a silk toy garment from the Han Dynasty at the Dunhuang Maquanyuan military site highlights the rich childhood experiences of children in ancient border areas, reflecting their innate desire for play and entertainment [1][2]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The toy garment, measuring only 9 centimeters in length, was found alongside other play items such as toy wooden carts and cuju, indicating its role in children's entertainment [1]. - The garment's existence raises questions about resource allocation in border areas, suggesting that materials for the toy clothing may have come from leftover silk provided by the government or purchased in local markets [1][2]. - Archaeological findings, including a thimble, suggest that the garment was likely made by the wives or mothers of soldiers stationed at the border, showcasing the involvement of women in textile work [1][3]. Group 2: Cultural Insights - The toy garment provides a unique perspective on Han Dynasty clothing and textile practices, preserving the cross-collar right lapel structure, a key cultural feature of Han attire [2][3]. - The design of the garment reflects the influence of Han culture in the Hexi region, while also adapting to local conditions, indicating a blend of cultural and environmental factors in clothing design [2][3][4]. - The use of plain weave textile technology in the garment's creation demonstrates the widespread application of textile craftsmanship during the Han Dynasty, suitable for the windy and sandy environment of the Hexi region [4]. Group 3: Emotional and Cultural Value - The silk toy garment symbolizes the deep emotional connections within border families, illustrating a scene where a father brings fabric home, and a mother carefully stitches it for their child [3][4]. - The garment serves as a valuable artifact, offering insights into the emotional world of children in the Han Dynasty, and revealing a softer side of life in the harsh border environment [4].

Core Viewpoint - The "Ancient Charm, Vibrant City" cultural activities launched at the Lu County Ancient City Ruins Park on January 1st aim to blend Han Dynasty culture with festive celebrations, providing an immersive experience of Han cultural heritage for citizens and tourists [1]. Group 1: Cultural Activities - The series of activities includes a Hanfu show, traditional music performances, and an intangible cultural heritage market, showcasing the rich cultural heritage of the Han Dynasty [1][3]. - The Hanfu show features dozens of Han clothing styles, emphasizing the meticulous adherence to Han Dynasty clothing regulations, allowing visitors to engage with performers and experience the "Han Wind Elegance" atmosphere [3]. - A traditional music concert featuring instruments like the guzheng, erhu, and bamboo flute plays classic pieces, enhancing the festive atmosphere and showcasing the unique charm of traditional Chinese music [3]. Group 2: Educational Experiences - During the New Year holiday, the park offers a "4+1" science experience program, including activities like "The Golden Code of the Haihun Marquis" and "The Underground Palace of the Haihun Marquis," allowing visitors to explore Han Dynasty social life and cultural rituals through interactive experiences [5]. - Visitors can also engage in various intangible cultural heritage projects at the heritage market, such as cloisonné, diabolo, and dough figurines, further enriching their understanding of traditional crafts [5]. - The ongoing temporary exhibition of 108 Han Dynasty artifacts at the Lu County Ancient City Ruins Museum provides a cultural feast that connects visitors with history [5]. Group 3: Event Schedule - The event schedule includes various activities from January 1 to January 3, such as role-playing lectures, poetry recitations, Hanfu displays, and music concerts, all taking place at the Lu County Ancient City Ruins Museum [6][7]. - Specific activities are organized throughout the day, allowing for continuous engagement with Han culture and traditions [6][7].

Group 1 - Xuzhou, known for its rich cultural heritage, has a history of 2600 years and is the birthplace of the Han Dynasty and its culture [1] - The archaeological findings in Xuzhou, including Han tombs, figurines, and stone carvings, reveal the advanced architectural skills and cultural richness of the Han Dynasty [1][2] - The Han tombs, such as the Guishan Han Tomb, showcase a variety of structures including the main chamber, armory, and dance halls, reflecting the grandeur of the era [1] Group 2 - The Han figurines unearthed in Xuzhou exceed 6000 pieces, categorized into different types such as warrior figurines, ceremonial figurines, and musicians, highlighting the artistic diversity of the period [1][2] - The jade burial suits, made from jade pieces connected by metal or silk threads, were used by emperors and high-ranking nobles, indicating their social status [2] - The craftsmanship of jade artifacts, such as the jade dragon pendant, exemplifies the high-quality materials and intricate designs characteristic of Xuzhou's Han jade [2]

Group 1 - Xuzhou, known for its rich cultural heritage, has a history of 2600 years and is the birthplace of Liu Bang, the founder of the Han Dynasty, making it a significant site for Han culture [1] - The archaeological findings in Xuzhou, including Han tombs, figurines, and stone carvings, reveal the advanced architectural skills and cultural practices of the Han Dynasty [1][2] - The Han tombs, particularly the Guishan Han Tomb, showcase a complex structure with various chambers, including a main chamber, armory, and dance hall, reflecting the grandeur of the Han Dynasty [1] Group 2 - The Han figurines unearthed in Xuzhou, totaling over 6000 pieces, include various types such as warrior figurines, ceremonial figurines, and musicians, highlighting the artistic diversity of the period [1] - The figurines, especially the warrior types, depict the military prowess of the Han soldiers, aligning with historical accounts of their strength [2] - The elegant design of the dancing figurines captures the essence of the popular dance styles of the time, showcasing the cultural richness of the Han Dynasty [2] Group 3 - The jade burial suits, a unique funerary item for Han emperors and nobles, were made from jade pieces connected by metal or silk threads, indicating the high status of the deceased [3] - The craftsmanship of jade artifacts from Xuzhou, such as the jade dragon pendant, reflects the artistic excellence and cultural significance of jade in ancient China [3] - The overall findings from the Han tombs, including the intricate jade suits and figurines, narrate the grandeur and cultural depth of the Han Dynasty, transcending time [4]

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights an ancient Han Dynasty brick that captures a thrilling acrobatic performance from 1800 years ago, showcasing the complexity and artistry of Han-era entertainment [2][4]. Summary by Sections Acrobatic Performance - The brick depicts a high-difficulty acrobatic act involving performers on a flying wire, demonstrating remarkable skills as they balance and climb [10][14]. - The performance features two horse-drawn carts with vertical poles, where performers execute intricate movements while the carts are in motion, emphasizing the combination of equestrian skills and acrobatics [14][16]. Historical Context - The integration of acrobatics with horse-drawn vehicles, known as "xiche," was a popular and challenging form of entertainment during the Han Dynasty, as documented in historical texts [16][18]. - The performance style reflects the cultural significance of chariots in ancient China, symbolizing military prowess and societal status [14][16]. Variety of Han Dynasty Acrobatics - Han Dynasty acrobatics were diverse, including strength acts, body techniques, juggling, high-altitude performances, equestrian acts, and illusions, making it a vital part of both court and public entertainment [21][29]. - Specific acts included strength displays like "lifting pots," body techniques centered around balancing, juggling acts like "throwing balls," equestrian performances, and magical illusions [21][23][27]. Artistic Representation - The brick serves as a visual narrative, employing line and surface techniques to depict the dynamic nature of Han acrobatics, providing a glimpse into the vibrant life of that era [29].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the rich archaeological discoveries from the Han Dynasty in the Beijing region, showcasing the social life and daily activities of the people during that era through various artifacts and exhibitions [5][7]. Group 1: Archaeological Discoveries - Recent archaeological work in the Beijing area has led to significant findings from the Han Dynasty, including artifacts that reflect the social life and aspirations of the people [5]. - The exhibition "Sunrise in Youyan - Social Life in the Han Dynasty in the Beijing Area" features artifacts transferred to the Renmin University Museum, emphasizing the collaboration between the Beijing Cultural Relics Bureau and the university [5][7]. Group 2: Daily Life and Industry - The Han Dynasty saw a rapid development in agriculture and handicrafts, with archaeological evidence indicating an expansion in production scale and specialization within industries [6]. - Artifacts such as pottery, textiles, and tools illustrate the daily routines and cultural practices of the people, including their culinary habits and social interactions during meals [6][7]. Group 3: Exhibition and Educational Impact - The exhibition is characterized by a unique collaboration model between the university and the community, with many artifacts sourced from construction sites in the Tongzhou campus area [7]. - The planning of the exhibition by students and faculty aims to enhance professional skills and academic interest while providing an engaging experience for the public [7].

Core Viewpoint - The article highlights the significance of the Wushi Shrine in Jining, Shandong Province, as a cultural heritage site that preserves the largest and most complete collection of Han stone inscriptions and image stones in China [1][4]. Group 1: Historical Significance - The Wushi Shrine was built by the Wushi family, who served as officials for generations during the late Eastern Han period, and includes multiple halls, tombs, stone tablets, and sculptures [4]. - The Wuliang Shrine, the only hall with a confirmed owner, features the earliest known depictions of the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, showcasing the foundational figures of Chinese civilization [4][10]. Group 2: Cultural Artifacts - The shrine contains over 40 pieces of Han image stones that reflect the aesthetic and cultural depth of the Eastern Han period, covering themes from mythology to historical narratives [4]. - Notable scenes, such as the meeting between Confucius and Laozi, are depicted in the stone carvings, illustrating the exchange of ideas between Confucianism and Daoism [6]. Group 3: Modern Relevance - The Han image stones from the Wushi Shrine have garnered attention from researchers both domestically and internationally, with successful exhibitions and restoration projects enhancing their visibility [8]. - The restoration project initiated by Capital Normal University Library has revitalized the ancient art, allowing for renewed appreciation of traditional culture and its enduring spirit [8][10].