当前我国急性呼吸道传染病总体呈上升趋势，多省份流感已进入高水平流行阶段，中国疾控中心预计全 国在12月上中旬流感达峰的可能性较大。 据央视新闻报道，中国疾控中心病毒病所国家流感中心主任王大燕介绍，当前我国急性呼吸道传染病整 体呈上升趋势，流感病毒是主要流行的病原体，检测到的病原体均为已知常见病原体，没有监测到未知 病原体及其导致的新发传染病。 王大燕称，有17个省份达到高流行水平，其他省份处于中流行水平。根据最近监测情况，预计全国在12 月上中旬达峰的可能性较大。流感活动水平下降到低水平还需要一段时间，所以未来6-8周流感防控不 能放松。甲型H3N2亚型流感病毒仍然占流行优势，占比超过95%，有少量甲型H1N1亚型和乙型流感病 毒同期流行。 中国疾控中心日前发布的全国急性呼吸道传染病哨点监测情况显示，今年第47周即11月17日到23日，全 国共报告1234起流感样病例暴发疫情。哨点医院门急诊流感样病例呼吸道样本中，流感监测阳性率达到 44.8%。 "流感阳性率已经接近45%"这一数据引起公众的广泛关注。王大燕对此解释，这个数字不是像一些网友 理解的在"流感病例中检测流感"，也不是全国有将近一半的人感染流感。她 ...

Core Viewpoint - The flu positivity rate among outpatient cases has approached 45%, indicating a significant prevalence of flu-like symptoms, but this does not mean that 45% of the general population is infected with the flu [1][3]. Group 1: Flu Positivity Rate and Symptoms - The flu-like cases refer to patients with respiratory symptoms such as fever and cough who visit outpatient services, and the positivity rate is derived from testing these specific cases [1]. - Among those with flu-like symptoms, the positivity rate for H1N1 (swine flu) exceeds 40%, while over 50% of cases are attributed to other pathogens like rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus [3][5]. Group 2: Symptoms in Different Age Groups - In younger populations, symptoms include significant fatigue and muscle aches, with high fever (38°C to 39°C) being common, while sore throat and cough are less pronounced [5]. - Children often experience high fever lasting several days, while elderly patients may not exhibit high fever but have a higher incidence of pneumonia, which can be overlooked [5][8]. Group 3: High-Risk Groups and Treatment - Individuals aged 65 and older are identified as a high-risk group for flu, and early diagnosis and treatment are emphasized to reduce severe outcomes [7][8]. - Antiviral medications should be administered within 48 hours of symptom onset to lower the risk of severe illness [8]. Group 4: Vaccine Efficacy and Infection - Flu vaccines are updated annually based on predictions from the World Health Organization, with effectiveness ranging from 30% to over 60% depending on the accuracy of the predictions [10]. - Even if vaccinated individuals contract the flu, the severity of the illness is generally reduced, and antiviral medications can still be beneficial [11][13].